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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications

IJSRP, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014 Edition [ISSN 2250-3153]


All listed papers are published after full consent of respective author or co-author(s).
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      Joseph Tufuor Kwarteng

Abstract: The use of instructional resources makes teaching and learning less arduous. It enhances learners’ ability to grasp what is taught with ease. Yet most teachers fail to apply the relevant teaching and learning resources in the instructional intercourse. This study explored the views of Senior High School accounting students and teachers on the use of instructional resources in accounting instructions. In all, 12 accounting teachers, who were selected purposely, and 151 accounting students, who were selected randomly, from four selected Senior High schools in Cape Coast Metropolis responded to a set of questionnaire. Frequency and percentages were used in the data analysis. The study found that accounting teachers hardly used instructional resources to promote understanding in accounting lessons. In most cases, the appropriate instructional resources that could be used were not available. It was further noted that the key barriers to use the appropriate instructional resources in accounting lessons were the high acquisition and maintenance costs coupled with the frequent power outages.



      Dr. Kavita Sharma

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to identify the level of Stress due to menstruation cycle among physically active and non-active females in DRC College, University of Delhi. The research pattern being used was descriptive survey research comparing chosen active and non-active females. The study was delimited to the age group 20 to 25 years. By applying simple random sampling a total of 100 females (50 active + 50 non active) were selected, the physically active group consist of females doing at least 2-4 hour daily physical activity besides the daily work, whereas the non-active group consist of females with no physical activity in the daily routine. The variable for the study was stress; Adrenal Stress Questionnaire developed by Dave Hompes was used for the collection of data.



      Dones VCIII, Thomas J, Lesniewski P, Thoirs K, Grimmer K, Suarez C

Abstract: Lateral epicondylalgia [LE] is most common cause of elbow pain attributed to abnormalities in the extensor carpi radialis and extensor digitorum communis [EDC]. Quantifying the linear displacement using musculoskeletal ultrasound and the Motion Tracking Analysis Program [MTAP] may be useful in characterizing the abnormalities found in elbows with LE. This study investigated the reliability of the operators [i.e. sonologist and sonographer] and the reader [i.e. physiotherapist] in procuring and analyzing ultrasound videos using MTAP.



      MoumitaDey, ViragDoshi, SarveshPatkar, Vinayak Joshi, Hardik Shah

Abstract: This paper aims at presenting the prototype for Braill-e-Book, a portable and user-friendly device that converts the large ocean of e-knowledge into the Braille format for the blind to access easily. The Braill-e-Book makes use of USB flash drives that contain several books in text format. It has a speech recognition system using which the user can search for the file name or its author, which when selected will be displayed on a refreshable display. Furthermore, the Braill-e-Book is equipped with the audio notifications to enable the user to navigate through the entire process easily. It is an innovative upgrade to the presently available electronic Braille display devices which are either not portable or have a PC dependency.



      Fakhreldin A. Hussien, Magda A. Osman, Tagelsir I.M. Idris

Abstract: This study was designed to examine the effects of liquid media supports, gelling agents and liquid overlays on growth and multiplication of ginger. The use of luffa coir as physical support for explants in liquid media enhanced growth compared to other types of supports. Guar gum revealed a promising gelling potential as an alternative for agar. In concentration of 30 g/l, guar as a sole gelling agent, increased shoot and leaf numbers significantly. Enhanced multiplication was obtained upon supply of a 10 ml liquid overlay aliquot per vessel composed of MS salts plus 4 mg/l BA onto the solid multiplication medium. The use of luffa coir and guar gum propose effective alternatives to the high cost agar and may help in reducing cost of tissue culture protocols especially at commercial level.



      G.Venkatesh

Abstract: Apis dorsata,F inhabits varied nesting sites in urban,rural,wild areas. The number of colony during the study period 1987-89 was 72 and during the period 2013-14 was 07 some of the anthropocentric development activities have contributed to the decline in the number of colonies



      Owoseni, D.O, Ogunsakin, R.E

Abstract: Depression as a disease is rampart to people regardless of sex, class, position in the community and it is common to old people and adult. In order to prevent and reduce the rate of depression, this research give work has born. It was born out of a mindset that is ready to the economy everything the community had given. This paper examined the effect of hormone related drug in relieving depression and 3 level of drug was administered, a placebo treatment, a moderate dose and a high dose. The data was collected from Ekiti-State Police Clinic, the data are in quarters for the year 2012 and it is a secondary data. The aim of the paper is to find out whether gender or level of dose of drug administered has anything to do with the relieving of depression. Based on the analysis it can be seen that either high level of dose, placebo treatment or moderate dose we obtain averagely the same of outcome but there other method used for treatment of depression that will not make the drug to work. And also gender does not have anything to do with the relive of depression.



      Bhavya Bansal, Aishvarya Bansal

Abstract: “Better governance leads to better management”. This paper shall be useful for increasing the knowledge and awareness of how critical and crucial corporate governance is, especially after the financial crisis that led to a recession in the worldwide economy. This paper is an insight for corporate governance and risk management strategies adopted in different insurance industries across the globe. Because corporate Governance is not only mandatory but also recommended so that companies adhere to best practices. It will correlate the theories formulated for corporate governance and actual practices followed in insurance companies. This paper will brief out the existing literature on this topic along with the results derived from these studies. Finally, it will conclude with recommendations and suggestions based on existing studies.



      Bhavya Bansal, Aishvarya Bansal

Abstract: The purpose of this research paper to highlight the issues related to management of human resources when work culture in the organisation changes. This paper focuses on Cadbury Company stressing on the business strategies followed by it to successfully manage change management. In every organisation human resources are the key assets as they involve in planning, organising, directing and controlling human activities of staffing, compensation, development and maintenance. This paper also highlights the reasons behind the Cadbury Company’s strategic human resource management policies like decentralisation, decoupling, management of cultural differences and so on. This will help the marketers and human resource managers in identifying the approaches to manage human resources and business strategies and implement the same in changing business scenario. Since, it is the urgent need of every organisation to understand that human resources are the most indispensable tool and wastage of such resources is detrimental for society.



      Wrishin Sarkar, Himadri Nath Saha, Arpita Ghosh, Praveen Kr. Sharma

Abstract: Travelling Salesperson Problem is a problem where the user have to visit all the cities by using the shortest distance. It is an NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, important in operations research and theoretical computer science. TSP is a special case of the travelling purchaser problem .By representing this problem in graphical method we see that it is nothing but a complete graph where user have to visit all the nodes using the shortest distance. Scientist have found that biological ant have an excellent behavior by which they always choose the shortest way between the source and the destination although there are several ways between them. Using these behavior of the biological ant we describe an artificial ant colony capable of solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Ants of the artificial colony are able to generate successively shorter feasible tours by using information accumulated in the form of a pheromone trail deposited on the edges of the TSP graph. In this paper we have proposed a new heuristic method by which TSP can be solved.



      Kornwipha Saengbutr, Nittaya Wangphon and Ratchaneekorn Wanchanthuek

Abstract: The methylene blue (MB) absorption onto neem leaf powder was investigated in term of both adsorption efficiency and kinetic study. The effects of operation parameters i.e., MB concentration, time of adsorption, adsorbent dosage, pH of solution and temperature were investigated. The results showed that all parameter could affect the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics over various pH and temperature were also studied. It was found that the adsorption capacity was increased with pH and temperature increased; suggested the exothermic process. The experimental data showed that the MB adsorption was fitted with Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic model was the pseudo-second order.



      Bani Tamber Aeri and Santosh Jain Passi

Abstract: This paper aims to highlight the contraception related perceptions and practices of the women from an urban slum of Delhi. Methods: Data were gathered from a total of 201 pregnant women (belonging to lower income group) enrolled from a government run maternity clinic by the interview technique . Results: Data revealed that, at the time of conception, as high as 34% of the pregnancies were unwanted. Although the subjects had knowledge of contraception, the usage was very low (33%); and they considered contraception only as a means of limiting the family size which should be adopted once the family is ‘complete’. Son preference, ignorance regarding importance of child spacing, limited control over personal lives and inhibitions/ fallacies regarding contraception were the main reasons behind far lower usage of the contraceptives. Also, lack of knowledge regarding the appropriate methods of contraception, their side-effects (if any), and the authentic source of obtaining also emerged as the hindering factors.



      Mohammad Shafeeq

Abstract: Cholistan is the charming desert, locally known as “Rohi”, starting some 30km from Bahawalpur and is spread over an area of some 16,000 sq. km. which is mainly the part of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Rahim Yar Khan districts and extended up to the Thar Desert in Sindh Province. Darawar fort is the major landmark of Cholistan Desert, located 48km from Dera Nawab Sahib and 100km from beautiful city Bahawalpur.Cholistan is presently inhabited by 100,000 semi-travelers moving from one place to another in search of water and fodder for their animals. The nomads belong to different tribes, though most of them are descended from settlers who came from Balochistan at least 200 years ago.Cholistan has very harsh climate with a very low rain fall annually and this has resulted the most of its part to remain barren.The people of Cholistan speak Saraiki language and their main wealth is their livestock. The livestock breeding helps to overcome the need of the milk and meat of the surrounding region.



      Nor HazaduraHamzah, SazaliYaacob, HariharanMuthusamy, NorhizamHamzah

Abstract: Satellite attitude estimation is one of the important processes in accomplishing a satellite mission. All the state estimation process requires dynamics model and filtering algorithm to estimate the state. Most of the estimation algorithm such as well-known Kalman filter and its variation assume the underlying noise in the dynamics model is Gaussian white noise. Hence, the objective of this paper is to investigate whether the noise in satellite attitude dynamics model in Near Equatorial orbit is Gaussian white noise process or not. This is important because if the assumption regarding the noise is incorrect, this will lead to unreliable and inaccurate estimation. In this paper, the noise is analyzed using normality characterizations and autocorrelation function. The result shows that the noise in the attitude dynamics at Near Equatorial orbit is not Gaussian white noise process.



      Mohammad Nassaji, Ramin Azarhoush, Raheb Ghorbani, Fateme Kavian

Abstract: Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is difficult owing to low number of bacilli in the specimens, lack of adequate sample and non-uniform distribution of bacteria in tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining in biopsy specimens with typical granulomatous inflammation in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and some related predictors.This study included 226 tissue biopsies of patients with EPTB showing typical granulomatous inflammation. Ziehl-Neelsen staining was performed for acid fast bacilli on paraffin embedded sections of tissue blocks. The most common site of involvement was pleura followed by vertebral and lymph nodes. Past history of pulmonary tuberculosis was positive in 46% of patients. The overall AFB positivity in specimens was 26.1%. The most positivity was in pleural TB (35.2%) and the least was in bone and joints TB (4.8%).



      Ashis Mohapatra, Aman Anand

Abstract: Automatic Pneumatic Door Using IR Sensors, serves to automate the mechanism of door operation using Pneumatic, Arduino microcontroller and infrared sensor technology. The methodology applied in the project is divided into three parts, firstly designing and fabrication of the door with the calculated dimensions, secondly, developing a program on the Arduino for door operation and thirdly, interfacing the different components to work together in a cohesive manner. When an object comes in or goes out of the range of the sensor, a signal is sent to the Arduino which controls the electro-pneumatic circuit to open or close the door. The significance of this system is automation of the door which can be customized according to the industrial, commercial or domestic requirements.



      Nidhi Sharma, M. Benjamin Sagayaraj, Balamma Sujatha, Abdul Rahman A. M., Abirami M., Adhil Khan M. H., Aditya. K., Ajantha P.

Abstract: Knowledge of physiology of reproduction is important for teenage girls to practice menstrual hygiene. We have estimated the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia in adolescent population. The participants were given free medical care, sexual health education and counselling.



      Dr. Dinesh Joshi, Dr. Nidhi Thula, Dr. Asha N. Shah, Dr. Jay Dadhania, Dr. Kartik Kachhadiya

Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is quiet prevalent in India. This makes many Practitioners to prescribe Vitamin D supplements Emperically. Though there is a significant gap between Vitamin D therapeutic doses and toxic doses, in predisposed individuals excessive intake of Vitamin D can lead to some serious and life endangering side effects.



      Dr Parveen Prasad

Abstract: The concept and implication of an employee turnover has been an area of interest among researchers. The phenomenon of Employee turnover can be traced to misalignment of expectations and aspirations of the employees with the organization. In the current study, I sought to understand this phenomenon through a sample of MBA students, who were in full employment, before leaving the organization, in pursuit of an MBA. Results reveal that although areas of job satisfaction and employee engagement were high in the previous organizations, employees left to pursue a brighter career or an aspirational role change.



      B M R S Balasooriya, M Vithanage, N J Nawarathna, Ken Kawamoto , M Zhang, G B B Herath, M I M Mowjood

Abstract: Open dumping is the most common method of solid waste disposal in many developing countries including Sri Lankan urban areas. Appropriate landfill site selection is important to minimize negative impacts associated with open dump sites. Landfill siting is an extremely difficult task to accomplish due to strong public opposition and regulations. Developing countries do not have a systematic process for landfill site selection and hence unsuccessful landfill siting leading to environmental degradation is typically the result especially in the developing world. Data were collected from Kandy district, Sri Lanka. Both GIS analysis and semi quantitative risk assessment were used and eight map layers such as surface water bodies, distance from transportation routes and urban areas, land use/land cover, soil, rainfall, population density, elevation were utilized.



      Mardiana Idayu Ahmad, Nur Anis Ahmad, Syahidah Akmal Muhammad, Norizan Esa

Abstract: In agriculture, the use of pesticide has been the dominant form of pest management since the 1950s to kill pest organisms including insects, weeds, plants diseases, fungi and nematodes. In recent times, use of pesticides in rice farming has increased rapidly and this scenario contributes significantly towards adverse effects on human health and environment. This study investigated types of pesticide and identified their hazards and potential risks used by rice farmers in a village of Permatang Keriang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Pesticide use, pesticide formulation, groups, classes, major pests as well as pesticide risks and toxicity were examined. Forty selected rice farmers which represent 33% of total rice farmers’ population in Permatang Keriang were interviewed based on 40 questions. From the survey, eight pesticide formulations including Actara (85%), Karate (93%), Nurelle 505 (73%), Nominee 100 SC (83%), Tapisan (65%) and Yasodion (62%) were found commonly used by the farmers in rice farming activities to control several major pests including plant diseases, fungi, insects and rodents.



      Swati Sucharita Mohanty, D.S.Pramanik, B.P.Dash.

Abstract: Productivity refers to the rate of production on a unit area basis. The total amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy by green plant is gross primary production. For the estimation of primary productivity of Bay of Bengal at Chandipur coastal area of Odisha, the light dark oxygen method was followed. Seasonally, the minimum GPP was recorded in monsoon and maximum GPP during summer. On monthly basis minimum value was observed in July and maximum in May. The higher value of GPP and NPP respectively during summer may be due to penetration of more light into water body.



      Henry Peter Gommans, Mercy Wangari

Abstract: Immunization protects us from many harmful diseases that can have very serious complications or even cause death. More than 30 million children are unimmunized either because vaccines are unavailable, because health services are poorly provided or inaccessible, or because families are uninformed or misinformed about when and why to bring their children for immunization.



      C.S. Yusuf, N. Makate and R. Jacob

Abstract: The effect of seed size on germination and early growth of maize plant, was examined within three weeks to determine the best seed size require for planting. The larger size seed produced significant growth compared to medium size and small size. The seedling height, seedling width, and seedling biomass increased in larger size seed. The significant growth observed in larger size seed showed that larger size seed are good seed size for maize planting.



      Charles Adabo Oppong

Abstract: Cognitive and affective attributes are the key in any educational endeavor. They seek to give an indication of the extent to which a learner would succeed in a given subject. Given this, the paper examined the cognitive and affective characteristics of History students of the University of Cape Coast, using primary data collected via focus group discussions with a sample of History students selected through random sampling technique. Discussions were transcribed into written text and coded into themes and sub-themes. Commonalities and differences in the key themes have been presented. The study revealed that knowledge traits characterized students' cognitive abilities. The study further found that students have a negative attitude and lack of interest towards History. The results from this study calls for the need to improve the transaction of the History curriculum in the University. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers adopt and use appropriate implementation strategies that would help students develop higher intellectual abilities and the right affective attributes for the subject.



      Salisu Nasir, Nasar Mansir and Nasir Muhammad Augie

Abstract: A mild chemical treatment i.e. Ruthenium ion catalysed oxidation (RICO) has been employed to examine the asphaltenes of two oils (fresh and slightly degraded) chosen from four oils samples after bulk geochemical analysis. The oils were from same geographical location but unknown oilfield in North America. The distributions of hopanoic acids released from the asphaltenes were investigated and compared with that of hopanes in the maltenes. The distributions were dissimilar e.g. distribution of carbon number maximized at C32 in the terpenoic acids which are not consistent with that of terpanes (hopanes) in the maltenes. However, C29 and C30 hopanes were the prominent in the maltenes where as C32 hopanoic acids homologues in the released products.



      Rohini Chandrica Widyalankara

Abstract: This study proposes that the pedagogical procedures within the genre of Teaching English as a Second Language should not only gain from the rich theoretical resources and the vast repertoire of methodological approaches available it should also tap the creative powers of the teaching practitioners. Merging tenets of Behaviorism with Innatism in the Interaction Theory and adapting theories on Second Language Acquisition the second language teaching/learning environment discussed aims to maximize acquisition and lower the affective filters of the learners. Principled Eclecticism provides the methodological foundation for cooperative learning and formative peer assessment with focused corrective feedback provide remedial support and an opportunity for the learners to reevaluate their work and engage in timely adjustments. The session aims at interpsychological cognitive development with peers/teacher and individual intrapsychological cognitive enhancement in language skills.



      Doctor,T. R. and Cababat, RA. P.

Abstract: This study had investigated on the possibility of blood leaf( Iresine herbstii) as a soil pH indicator. An aqueous solution was prepared and settled to remove impurities. The pH is 4.6. The solution was tested in a 0-14 pH solutions to check on the color changes in the scale. The soil pH was tested using pH paper and pH meter. The soil pH was also tested using the blood leaf extract and the tests showed the same result. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of blood leaf can be used as soil pH indicator. This can benefit gardeners and flower growers because they can use it as fresh extract or can be kept even for many weeks in closed container.



      Juliet Gratia D’Cunha, K. Aruna Rao

Abstract: Lognormal distribution has wide applications in the analysis of failure time data, stock prices and rainfall. In this paper we derive Bayes estimator and credible regions for the mean of the lognormal distribution. We compare the coverage probability and length of the Bayes credible interval with the confidence interval obtained from the maximum likelihood estimator of the log location and scale parameters. The procedure is illustrated using the failure time data of locomotive control and stock price.



      Dr. Rajesh Kumar Sharma & Sandhya Dixit

Abstract: Sanskritization is one of the ongoing revolutionary social processes in India. It is the process under which the religious practices of the Hindu upper castes are adopted by the members of SCs and STs in order to raise their social and cultural status in the society. By now the members of SCs and STs are aware that their cultural modes are responsible for their low status in the society. Therefore, they are ready to give them up for the sake of their improvement. Shaktipeeths and Durga temples in India are effective platforms for it. They provide an opportunity to such people to observe the upper caste religious and cultural practices closely and then to follow them for their own betterment. The scenario of Sanskritization becomes perfect during the Nava Ratras of Chaitra and Ashwin months. Obviously, it witnesses a revolutionary social change when during these specified Hindi months the people from all the castes mix up with one another and when they participate in the rituals together forgetting the differences of their castes.



      Mohd Nizam Lani, Zaiton Hassan and Son Radu

Abstract: Survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes L56 (IMR isolate) was studied in trypticase soy broth (TSB) grown at 37ºC before being subjected to three selected sublethal stress temperatures (55ºC, 28ºC and 4ºC). The morphological changes and motility as affected by temperature stresses were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and motility media, respectively. For this purpose, 10 ml broth containing L. monocytogenes previously grown in 300 ml of TSB at 37ºC at log phase (12 hour) and stationary phase (19 hour) to 55ºC, 28ºC and 4ºC were taken every 2 h intervals for measurement of morphological changes and motility. A total of 180 cells were measured lengthwise at 9,500x Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) magnification using SEMafore for each temperature treatments. The study demonstrated cells of both log and stationary phase of stressed temperature of L. monocytogenes showed a significant variation in morphology.



      Leo Caccam. Rio

Abstract: The study aimed to develop a Training Module in Switching Logic as instructional material in the teaching of students of Bachelor of Technology in subjects such as Industrial Design Process and Control, Industrial Electronics and Industrial Motor Control. This was conducted at the University of Rizal System-Morong Campus during the First Semester of School-Year 2007-2008. Professors and Instructors of the College of Industrial Technology and College of Engineering as well as the fourth year students of Bachelor of Technology major in Electrical technology served as the respondents –evaluators in the study. The researchers used an adopted and modified questionnaire-checklist to determine the level of acceptability of the module with respect to its objectives, Contents, Pretest and post-test contents, Illustrations/photos and Usefulness.



      Ranjith S

Abstract: Transistor is the major invention in electronics field, vacuums tubes are used in older times. But vacuum tubes have lot of drawbacks when comparing with transistor like their large size high power consumption etc. So transistor will easily replace vacuum tubes because transistors are small size, low power consumption cheap etc. but transistor can't completely replace these vacuum tubes because transistor can't work In high frequency application and also transistor will almost hit its minimum size further reduction in size is not easy so need a better replacement. Nano size vacuum tubes are better option.



      K.K. Kavitha and M. Jegadeesan

Abstract: Phytoremediation appears as a very promising technology for the removal of metal pollutants from the environment and at present, the technology becomes commercially applied throught the world becomes commercially throughout the world.



      Pratiksha Kulkarni

Abstract: Plumboat is a robot which is specially designed to detect the cracks and leakages in the underground pipes. This project is a combination of embedded systems and Robotics. Leaky water pipes pose serious problems for cities, as it leads to the loss of roughly a billion Litres of clean drinking water every day. Whenever there is a leakage problem in the underground pipes, the entire roadways are dug to detect the cracks in the pipes and also the water supply is stopped for the same amount of span causing inconvenience to the people. Also, due to the destruction of entire roadways it becomes very difficult for the people to drive vehicles on the roads leading to traffic and inconvenience. To avoid these problems we have designed a robot which will detect the underground pipe leakages in the pipes with the help of a wireless camera due to which only the relevant part of the road will be dug for repair. This robot has a tripod design. It smartly detects the cracks and displays them on the screen by which we are able to locate the cracks and leakage easily.



      Dr R Vijayashree, Ms Tejashvee, Dr. S. Govindarajan, Dr K. Ramesh Rao

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The pulmonary function tests (PFT) are known predictors of clinical outcome in respiratory disorders. Several recent studies have shown inverse correlation between PFT and certain haematological parameters like red cell distribution width (RDW) independent of confounding factors like smoking. This study was taken up to find out if there is any direct correlation between PFT and certain haematological parameters in healthy non-smokers. METHODS: The study was carried out on 200 healthy non-smokers aged between 20 and 55 years. In all the subjects PFTs were performed and common haematological parameters like haemoglobin, RDW, MCV, MCH, MCHC and derived ratios were determined. The correlation between PFT and haematological parameters were statistically analysed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Despite the absence of pulmonary illness, the mean values for PFT in the study subjects were lower than the predicted range. There was no correlation between PFT and any one of the haematological parameters studied. In healthy non-smokers, PFT does not appear to have a direct effect on any one of the haematological parameters or vice versa



      Asmae Aboulkacem, Abouddihaj Barguigua, Itto Maroui, Mohammed Timinouni and Abdelhaq Belhaj

Abstract: Environmental and hospital-sampling allowed us to isolate and identify one hundred of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains. The study of the degradation capacity of alkanes has shown that almost all isolates grew in the presence of long chain n-alkanes, while no growth was recorded in the presence of short chain n-alkanes, isoalkanes or cycloalkanes. The kinetics of growth in the presence of hexadecane, as a sole carbon source, enabled recording various optical densities (OD) depending on the strain of P. aeruginosa. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of ERIC (Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus) primers has shown genetic diversity within isolates.



      G. Geethavani, M. Rameswarudu, R. Rameswari reddy, S. Babu rao, D. Moulali

Abstract: In order to establish a relationship between caffeine and serum and urinary electrolytes, 30 healthy males were given an oral dose of 400 mg caffeine over a period of 120 min in four divided doses and electrolyte concentrations were measured during control and experimental periods. Serum potassium decreased significantly(P<0.01) from 4.4±0.2 (control period) to 3.9±0.2 (experimental period at 400 mg of caffeine). Increased urinary sodium (i.e from 139±3 in the control period to 209±8) and increased chloride concentrations (i.e from 46±7 in the control period to 124±9) associated with increased urinary output was noticed significantly(P<0.01) at 400 mg of caffeine. These results helps in establishing a dose response relationship between caffeine and electrolytes.



      Ajit Singh, Vikash Pawariya

Abstract: Farming systems represent integration of farm enterprises such as cropping systems, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry, etc. for optimal utilization of resources bringing prosperity to the farmer. The present study has been made to identify types of farming system and to assess the potentialities for increasing farm income through reallocation of resources in farming system. The data were collected from 90 respondents pertaining Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh during 2012-13. The study revealed that maximum return obtained from dairy based farming system.



      Manjul Chandravanshi

Abstract: Fly ash is one of the numerous substance that cause air, water and soil pollution, disrupts ecological cycles and set off environmental hazards. Fly ash produced during the burning of powdered coal in thermal power plants is a hazardous waste. Disposal of this enormous amount of fly ash faces problem of huge land requirement, transportation, and ash pond construction and maintenance, which can be reduced by utilizing fly ash as a construction material for civil engineering structures. Soil stabilization has been implemented for improving soils, which have inadequate engineering properties. An attempt has been made in this present paper to highlight on the pollution hazards due to the disposal of fly ash into the environment and its utilization in civil engineering activities by conducting some laboratory investigations. This paper describes a research that is carried out to study the effect of gypsum and fly ash on compaction properties and California bearing ratio values of silty sand. Different percentages of fly ash (i.e. 10, 15 and 20%) alone and with combination of gypsum (i.e. 2 and 4%) were added to the soil in order to evaluate the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. The given result of specimens illustrate that the combination of gypsum and fly ash in soil is more effective than fly ash treatment alone.



      Manjusha Hariharan, Neethumol Varghese, Dr. A. Benny Cherian, Dr. P.V. Sreenivasan, Jenish Paul, Asmy Antony. K.A

Abstract: Calcium carbonate nano particles were synthesized using precipitation method from cockle shells by employing chitosan as precursor. Synthesized Calcium carbonates were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible and FTIR Spectroscopy. The results were compared with commercial calcium carbonate nano particles. Cockle shells are the potential source of calcium carbonate. The materials used were naturally occurring and also from the byproducts of sea food industry. The adopted methods were cost effective and ecofriendly.



      Okeke Stephen

Abstract: Nowadays, the rates of malicious data theft and data destruction are alarming. Governments, companies and other organizations have lost a lot of money and many others have closed down due to the activities of dubious hackers and attackers. As data is the life wire of every organization, there is the need to remotely and securely store the data generated daily by these organizations in order to enable them recover quickly in the event of attach and hack. Cloud storage is needed here for the remote data storage. For many establishments, data security is one of their major concern when sending their files into the cloud. They worry about their files being seen or even compromised by malicious and dubious people because that’s what happened in the past.



      Bui Hung Thang, Phan Hong Khoi, and Phan Ngoc Minh

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) aresomeof most valuable materials that have highest thermal conductivity.The thermal conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes is 2000 Wm−1K−1 compared with the thermal conductivity 419 Wm−1K−1 of silver.Therefore, carbon nanotubes have opened a new way for heat dissipation for high power electronic components, such as micro-processor, high brightness LED, etc. In this paper, we present the simulation results on heat dissipation for a high power electronic component using carbon nanotube nanofluids.



      Kendeson, A. C., Isyaka, M. S. and Dashak, D. A

Abstract: This study was conducted to measure the antimicrobial activity of Jatropha curcas (Linn.) root bark extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) was done using broth diffusion method. Broth extracts were found active against all the tested organisms with zone of inhibition ranging from 15 mm – 20 mm and 15 mm – 18 mm for ethylacetate and methanol extracts respectively and 50 – 100 mg/ml MBC/MFC. The ethylacetate extract was found to be bactericidal to all the organisms tested. This result indicates the wide spectrum activity of this plant (extract) against micro organisms and can be used to treat topical ailments (infectious diseases).



      Maria Ajjemami, Houria Rhaissi, Houda Benrahma, Hicham Charoute, Errouagui Abdeltif, Fouzia Lakbakbi el yaagoubi, Mostafa Kandil, Abdelhamid Barakat, Hassan Rouba

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is regarded as a real public health problem its prevalence rises each year as well as its morbidity. It is a multi factorial disease and besides environmental factors and genetic factors also contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. In several studies the SstI (3238C> G) polymorphism of APOC3 gene is associated with increased plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between polymorphism 3238C> G in APOC3, and Metabolic Syndrome in the Moroccan Population. Statistical analysis has revealed an association of polymorphism APOC3 3238C>G susceptibility with the metabolic syndrome in two models, codominant 1 [OR = 4.21 [1.66-10.68], p = 0.0008] and dominant [OR = 3.83 [1.59-9.19] p = 0.0010]. The variant APOC3 3238G were associated with elevated TG levels (P = 0.0146) and LDL-C (p = 0.0068) compared to patients with MS and controls non-carriers of this variant.



      Dr. K. Radha, Mr.S. Arumugam

Abstract: In this paper, the strong product of two fuzzy graphs is defined. It is proved that when two fuzzy graphs are effective then their strong product is always effective and it is proved that the strong product of two complete fuzzy graphs is complete. Also it is proved that the strong product of two connected fuzzy graphs is always connected. The lower and upper truncations of the strong product of two fuzzy graphs are obtained. The degree of a vertex in the strong product of two fuzzy graphs is obtained. A relationship between the direct sum and the strong product of two fuzzy graphs is obtained.



      Ayush Kumar Raghuvanshi, C P Singh

Abstract: Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long chain alkyl (methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol. Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable oils. Biodiesel can be used alone, or blended with diesel. Biodiesel, a promising substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the predicted shortness of conventional fuels and environmental concern. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels.



      Prithviraj Patil, Pranita Solanke, Gayatri Harshe

Abstract: The aim was to the study clinical evaluation and outcome of patients with febrile thrombocytopenia. Methodology:100 patients of fever with thrombocytopenia. Malaria was the commonest cause of febrile thrombocytopenia. followed by Dengue and viral fever.Maximum percent of bleeding seen at 5×103 to 10×103/cumm platelet count, then 11×103 to 20×103/cumm followed by 21×103 to 30×103/cumm.Out of 100 patients 23 patients showd bleeding manifestations. The Commonest form of bleeding manifestation was petechiae in 17 patients followed by hematuria, per rectal bleeding and epistaxis in 3,2 and 1 patient respectively.Good recovery was noted in 95% patients and mortality noted in 5% patients. Septicemia accounted for 75% mortality.



      Pranita Solanke, Swapnali Patil, Prithviraj Patil

Abstract: The aim was to analyse factor responsible for causing PPH and its management. Methodology: This study included all patients admitted for delivery and ending up in PPH. Out of 5998 patients 96 patients landed up in PPH. Uterine atony is the major cause of PPH followed by traumatic and retained tissue. In 70.83%cases of PPH had a more than one predisposing factors like anaemia, prolonge labour, placenta previa, multiparity, multifetal gestations, macrosomia, uterine inversion, fibroid uterus. Total 62.50% cases responds to medical line of treatment.8.33% patients required bimanual uterine massage with medical treatment.22.91%patients required conservative surgical interventions & 6.25%patients required radical surgery(sub total obstetric hysterectomy).We conclude that identification of predisposing factor and timely medical,surgical and bimanual massage can reduce mortality and morbidity in PPH



      Devendra Sharma, Anurag Vishwakarma, K. C. Yadav

Abstract: Birds Community of Gidhwa & Parsada Wetlands in Nandghat, Bemtara District, and Chhattisgarh State was studied during February 2013 to March 2014. The methodology followed was mainly observation using binocular and collected information with the help local bird watcher of those particular wetlands. A total 143 species of birds, belonging to 48 families were recorded from the area during the period. Among them 11 migrants, 26 local migrants and are 106 resident birds. Highest number of birds was recorded in mid-month of October to Post January, and the lowest was observed in month of April - June.



      Dr. Nivedita Agrawal, Paras Mani Choubey and Dr. Jai Prakash Pandey

Abstract: All life on earth depends on water. Fresh water is a critical, finite, vulnerable, renewable natural resource on the earth and plays as important role in our living environment without it life is impossible .In this paper we are analyzed to monthly variation and comparative physio- chemical study of Baba Ghat of Bihar river of Rewa city (M. P.) in March, April and May 2012. Monthly variation in physical and chemical parameters like Temperature, pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, total hardness , chlorides, calcium, magnesium, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand etc.



      Preeti Kaushik

Abstract: Decision making is an important aspect of any business entity. In this paper, a new linguistic methodology is suggested in order to express the results obtained by analyzing the situations in a way that can be easily understood by non- experts users through fuzzy logic. The paper will further explain the relationship between variable through the application of fuzzy Logic. The model will be useful to understand better the system as compared to statistical results. It will also allow us to confront both kind of results considering that statistical analysis that are more discriminatory while fuzzy models show a broader vision.



      Gerrard Charles Mutembei, Ondabu Ibrahim Tirimba

Abstract: Organizations today have increasingly become aware of the importance of strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This awareness in a system is a critical dimension in the performance of organizations. Most organizations today are undergoing some structural, operational, and business strategic changes with the aim of improving their performance. The organization’s competitive strategy may include mergers and acquisitions, downsizing to increase efficiency, internal operations, or the acquisition of automated production technology. These strategic decisions determine the demand for skills and human resource. Incompetent and unbalanced: resourcing, training, development, reward, and appraisal methods have led to poor performance. The seminar sought to establish what other researchers have done in the field of human resource and performance of organization.



      Loum Janani, Lukyambuzi Hillary, Kodi Phillips

Abstract: The study investigated the effects of different methods of application of selected mordants on dyeing woven cotton with dyes from the stem bark of Albizia coriaria. The methods of application of mordants used includes; pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting and post-mordanting. The effects on cotton analyzed are color fastness to; light, washing, wet and dry rubbing and color characteristics on CIELab color coordinates. Aqueous extraction method was used to extract the dye. Some selected mordants were used for dyeing viz; alum, ferrous sulphate, and iron water.



      Nor HazaduraHamzah, SazaliYaacob, HariharanMuthusamy, NorhizamHamzah

Abstract: This paper designs an observer to estimate the spacecraft’s angular velocity using only Euler angles attitude without gyroscope measurement. This work contributes as an alternative or backup system during unavailable gyroscope measurement due to faulty sensor or reduction of sensor hardware for cost reduction.In this work, the observer model for satellite attitude is derived in their nonlinear form, and the observability of the nonlinear system is investigated using Lie derivative. The performance of the designed observer is analyzed and verified using real flight data of Malaysian satellite by employing Extended Kalman Filter algorithm.



      Yash Mehta

Abstract: This paper attempts to explain the postulate that 80% of light is unaccounted for in the current universe. [1] It tends to pin the cause of the excess light observed by the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on Gravitational waves, and how it interacts with the light in the near universe which could further augment the research going in this field and provide an alternate method of detecting these elusive waves that are considered to carry crucial data about the primordial universe and how it came into being.



      Brijesh Patil

Abstract: Diversity in devices, lack of systematic device testing strategy has always led to open questions in the customer’s mind saying “Is the device tested correctly?” Testing of any device integrated with System Under Test (SUT) is certainly different and more complex than testing any traditional software application, as it a comprehensive testing which includes device and the infrastructure of SUT. A systematic device testing approach plays a very important role in getting the device and its supporting traditional software application released in the market with in time ensuring high quality.



      Kartic Kumar M, Annadurai R, Ravichandran P.T

Abstract: Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in Kothagiri Taluk. Many studies have been carried out to map shifting cultivation and areas susceptible to soil erosion. Mostly, estimated soil loss is taken as the basis to classify the level of soil loss susceptibility of area. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) function is a commonly used erosion model for this purpose in Kothagiri Taluk. This research integrates the RUSLE within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to investigate the spatial distribution of annual soil loss potential in the Kothagiri Taluk. Both magnitude and spatial distribution of potential soil erosion in the catchment is determined GIS data layers including, rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodability (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C) and conservation practice (P) factors were computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss.



      Godishala Sridevi & P. Swathi

Abstract: The number of elderly people is growing very fast in both developed and developing Countries. The rapid change in the social and cultural values had made a tremendous impact on mental well being of elders. Death anxiety is a complicated factor that is experienced with variable severity during one’s life, and is also influenced by a variety of factors such as environmental events, age, and sex. Death anxiety is an attitude that an individual holds towards death. It is defined as a negative and apprehensive feeling that one has when thinking about death and dying and is used interchangeably with fear of death.



      Manisha Khanna

Abstract: The present study analyses the combined, individual, and incremental value relevance of accounting information produced by firms listed on the S&P BSE-500 for FY-2006 to FY-2010, and changes therein over a period of time. Results provide sufficient evidence that accounting information is value relevant for BSE-listed firms. The combined value relevance of accounting information represented by earnings per share and book value per share has declined while there have been insignificant changes in the incremental value relevance of accounting information.



      Mamta Sharma and Natasha Manhas

Abstract: Since its accession to the Indian union, Jammu and Kashmir is facing several inter –state and intra –state upheavals. As an enduring inter –state problem between India and Pakistan, Jammu and Kashmir attracted enormous international attention but comparatively its intra - state hostility got a lesser notice. This article, dealing with the historic debate of politics of regionalism, explores the Kashmir centric leadership and New Delhi’s calculated denial of Jammu and Ladakh regions genuine demands. This article argues that both governments approach of denial is the major reason behind Jammu and Kashmir prolonging intra – state dispute which, through, the internal chaos , has maintained the cycle of unbridgeable “regional paradox” . In this context, it examines that calculated rifts have been institutionalized in Jammu and Kashmir political system which constantly guides crises to recur. This discussion re- examines Jammu regional problem based on the historical record.



      Vijaya Raghavan, Dr Syed Ariff, Paul Prasanna Kumar

Abstract: Conventional underground coal mining relies upon the use of continuous miners in order to extract coal reserves from underground coal seams. In combination with the continuous miners- shuttle cars are used to transport the extracted coal from the face to a transfer point (feeder breaker). From there the coal is typically tipped onto the underground conveyor system, which transports the coal to the surface in order to be distributed to customers. Effective management of the cutting, loading and tipping cycles utilised will serve as a possible area for productivity improvement.



      Abeda Khatun, Krishna Gopal Bhattacharyya, Hari Prasad Sarma

Abstract: Urban stormwater runoff carries pollutants that collect on impervious surfaces such as oil, dirt, chemicals, and lawn fertilizers directly to receiving water bodies (surface water, seepage water and ground water), where they seriously harm water quality. This study investigated the variability of pollutant build-up parameters in five different land use types. For this purpose stormwater samples were collected from five different land use types; residential, commercial, recreational, heavy traffic and industrial, around Guwahati city, Assam (India) and analysed to measure different build-up parameter. It was found that distribution of stormwater pollutants is highly influenced by the surrounding land use type. Coefficient of variation (CV) is derived for each of the selected build-up parameters for the different land uses. Industrial land uses showed relatively higher values of CV, indicating the highly variable nature of the pollutant build-up parameters within the same land use.



      Neethumol Varghese, Manjusha Hariharan, Dr. A. Benny Cherian, Dr. P.V. Sreenivasan, Jenish Paul, Asmy Antony. K.A

Abstract: This paper is trying to explore the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the synthesis of nano α-alumina particles. α - Al2O3 is widely used and studied as high temperature structural material, electronic packaging, corrosion resistant and translucent ceramics. Sol-gel method was adopted for synthesis. PVA was used as surface stabilizing agent. The results indicated that the addition of PVA affected the particle size and reduces the degree of aggregation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for nano powders indicated the presence of a single phase nano α-Al2O3 particles. The surface morphology of aluminium oxide nano particles was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) which shows that the particles are having irregular spherical shape.



      Dr. Chammika Mallawaarachchi

Abstract: Purpose of this paper is to document the finding on content marketing initiatives were taken to promote the concept by well-establish content marketers via the Internet. Of that purpose, twelve months period were continuously read and engaged with contents providers and also discussed with content readers who engage with informative and knowledge savvy contents. As a result, the methodology of the research was basically literature review. But due to very limited published literature of the subject because of the concept is very new to the Internet marketing arena the study was carried case study manner but not really a comprehensive case study.



      Hassan Alaaraj, Fatimah Wati Ibrahim

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to examine empirically the influence of good governance practices on the public trust in Lebanon. It presents a theoretical research framework to understand this relationship supported by literature review from recent studies. A survey was conducted among SMEs in the capital Beirut, where 400 questionnaires were distributed among managers and employees resulting 94 percent usable response rate. The research hypothesis was accepted through analyzing the data by SPSS and SEM. The main findings indicate that good governance practices have a positive and significant influence on public trust in Lebanon (p<0.001). Future studies are recommended to extend the empirical research in terms of good governance practices and more specifically at the level of sample and geographical distribution.



      Gatri Emna, Ben Rached Kaouther, Moulin Jean-Louis

Abstract: This research is interested in the changes of the eating habits of the consumer further to numerous health crisis. The consumer became more and more aware of the impact of the food on the health and more and more distrusting. This distrust led the consumer to healthier food product such as: relieved or enriched products and the dietary products etc., which brings the form and well-being in order to minimize the risk.



      B D N Mendis, Nimali T Medagedara, D C Wijewardene

Abstract: Currently, many types of string hopper machines are available in Sri Lanka. One is a rotary type and the other one is the lever type string hopper machine. Rotary type machine which is available in the local market has a main drawback of having to remove the cylinder for each batch of 100 string hoppers [1]. For this task handle should be rotated until the rack comes to its uppermost position which makes the operator fatigued and consumes more time.



      Abd. Rahman Idris (PhD), Ahmad Kamal Ariffin, Zuraidah Abdullah (PhD)

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to identify the motivational factors on teachers towards the implementation of learning supervision in secondary school. The assessment of teachers’ motivations towards learning supervision was measured by questionnaires developed based on literature that encompasses of 48 items in related to the related domain. The participants of the study were 65teachers from two secondary schools in Raub, Pahang. The result of the study suggests that there are about five factors that may involve in measuring the teachers’ motivations towards the learning supervision in school that is (i) Systematic reporting on learning supervision, (ii) Environmental support and (iii) Training on learning supervision, (iv) Well planned on academic and co-curricular activities and (v) Support and encouragement. Thus, any changes in our educational system that can promote to the higher levels of teacher motivation should be improved to ensure the objective of learning in school can be achieved.



      Zainab Amin Al-Sulami, Abdullah Mohammed Rashid, Norashikin Ali

Abstract: The consideration of knowledge as an important asset that has a valuable position more than the physical asset leads to an increase in the implementation of knowledge management in business organizations and higher education institutions. The knowledge assets need to be implemented efficiently and effectively in the higher education institutions to increase the education level as well as the competitive advantage. The information technology plays an important role to support the knowledge management processes like the processes of acquisition, conversion, sharing, utilization, and application. The stakeholders of higher education institutions should perceive the role of information technology in implementing the KM processes successfully.



      Henry Peter Gommans, Joseph .M.Musumbu

Abstract: The concept ethical practice is defined as the adherence and honour of morals, beliefs and values of a profession one is subscribed to. It also encompasses helping others who have been subjected to biased making of decisions. In the world, there is an overriding worry when it comes to the management of human resource in organizations. The International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) has linked poor performance of organizations in the world to unethical management of human resources, and more so during the recruitment processes.



      Manyi, M. M, Onekutu, A and Azua, E.T

Abstract: Studies on the insemination rates of mosquito populations in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria were carried out using four mosquito infested localities: High-level, Wurukum, North- bank and Wadata, over a 12 month period. A total of 4,320 adult female mosquitoes, comprising anopheline and culicine species were identified and dissected using standard procedures. Of these, 1,040 (24.1%) were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.); 641 (14.8%) were Aonopheles funestus Giles and 2,418 (56.0%) of the mosquitoes were Culex quinquefasciatus Say while 221 (5.1%) were tagged ‘unidentified’ species of Anopheles mosquitoes.



      Viswanathan.N, Ravanan.R

Abstract: Estimation of individual and population slopes using Linear Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation by Wu and Bailey (1988) is applied for incomplete longitudinal studies. In these studies the right censoring process is considered informative, in which the number of observations made for each subject is assumed to vary depending on the rate of change or slope of the individual response variable. This process of ‘missing not at random’ poses problems in the estimation of the slope parameters. The proposed method provides better estimates under different parametric models for the censoring distribution. The method’s performance is studied through a simulation study under Standard Normal and Uniform censoring distributions.



      Rahul Godha, Sneh Prateek

Abstract: This paper introduces a new mechanism for load balancing in a network. Load balancing is a computer networking method for distributing workload across multiple computing resources such as computers, a computer cluster network links ,central processing units or disk drives. Load Balancing is usually provided by dedicated software or hardware, such as a multilayer switch or Domain Name System Sever Process. There are various algorithms to perform load balancing. In this paper we will discuss how to perform load balancing using heaps and discuss the advantage and disadvantages of using this method to perform load balancing.



      Arathy Sankar, Rahul Jiwane

Abstract: Network coding has been recently applied to wireless networks to increase throughput. Back-pressure type algorithms based on the algorithmby Tassiulas and Ephremides have recently receivedmuch attention for jointly routing and scheduling over multi-hopwireless networks. we explore the performance of backpressure routing and scheduling for TCP flows over wireless networks. TCP and backpressure are not compatible due to a mismatch between the congestion control mechanism of TCP and the queue size based routing and scheduling of the backpressure framework.



      Ruwan Ranasinghe

Abstract: This study investigates the socio-economic impact of tourism on small scale entrepreneurs and their enterprises in UNESCO World Heritage City of Dambulla, particularly along the profile of tourism related entrepreneurship; impact of tourism in existing business establishment, impact of tourism on the personal improvement of entrepreneurs; impact of cityhood of Dambulla to tourism and perception extent to which tourism and entrepreneurship have addressed the socio-economic goals of the entrepreneurs. Descriptive method of inquiry was of most appropriate to approach the present research problem and was adopted in the study. A self administered questionnaire survey was employed to collect the needed primary data.



      Hadey K. Mohamad

Abstract: Abstract- By using the Oguchi approximation(OA), we study a mixed spin-2 and spin-5/2 Blume-Capel Ising ferrimagnet with different single-ion anisotropies on a simple cubic lattice. It has been carried out Oguchi method and calculated the free energy of a mixed spin ferrimagnetic model from the partition function. By minimizing the free energy, it has been obtained the equilibrium magnetizations and the compensation temperatures. The existence and dependence of a compensation temperature on the crystal field is mainly investigated.



      George Munene Macharia, Ondabu Ibrahim Tirimba

Abstract: This paper reviews literature of the Gambler’s and the hot hand fallacies and the possible differences inherent in explaining investor behaviour. The Gambler’s fallacy is built on the belief that the more you lose, the higher your next probability of winning in the near future; whereas the hot hand is built on the belief that the more the chances you get right now, the more likely you will get right even in the future. This beliefs are erroneous since they go contrary to the equal chances attributed to the probability of flipping a fair coin according to laws of probability.



      Evalyne Wambui Wamari

Abstract: The main objective of any business is to maximize shareholders’ wealth therefore this study endeavored to find out whether Initial Public Offers (IPOs) actually help a firm to achieve this objective in the long run. This study thus sought to find out the long run performance of a company’s stock after it goes public. The study therefore looked at variables that show the performance of the stock in the long run such as share price, earnings per share and price earnings ratio of the stock. The study analyzed seven companies which went public between 2000 and 2006 using the Buy and Hold Abnormal Returns (BHAR) model. Observations were made on a yearly basis over six years to allow the researcher to analyze (BHAR) for the period of six years. The study drew data from balance sheets and the Income statements and information from the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) on the companies’ earnings.



      Josekutty Abraham, Prof. Manoj T Joy

Abstract: Intelligent HTML (HyperText Markup Language) Code Analyzer And Builder From PSD (PhotoShop Document) Layers' generates the HTML code from PSD designs automatically. This system mainly focuses on developers. It reduces the time which is utilized for making HTML codes from PSD designs. It produces Image Cropping, HTML Coding, and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) coding and Final Compression within in short time. This system generates HTML, CSS files with corresponding codes and arranged in a web standard. Each and every layers of PSD are processed through several passing methods and analyzing the relations of parent and children of layers. This relation gives the hierarchical coding pattern.



      Amos Hyeladi, Joshua Ezekiel Nwagilari

Abstract: This work assessed the quality and use of water from Alau Dam Maiduguri, Borno State on the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Raw water sample were collected at River Ngadda, Lake Alau, domestic, industrial and irrigation water use points from Alau as well as treated water from Alau Dam as supplied to households by Borno Water Corporation. Using purposive sampling technique, Six (6) samples were taken and analysed for physical parameters: colour and turbidity. Chemical parameters: phenolphthalein, total Alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, nitrites, PVC estimate, TDS, Free chlorine, magnesium, calcium, copper, lead ,zinc and Iron. Microbiological parameters: Aerobic Mesophilic count, coliform, E. coli count and P. aeruginosa. The result shows that the value for some of the parameters are within the maximum limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) and National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) standards while some parameters especially, turbidity for treated water as well as PH, turbidity of some, untreated water and microbiological parameters for, all untreated water were above maximum limits prescribed by WHO and NAFDAC. Therefore, the research has revealed that Alau Dam, Maiduguri suffers from pollution as a result of in-stream uses and on-site activities, thus, outbreak of communicable diseases has been experience in the area, mitigating these problems on human health and environment



      Nitin Gupta, Randhir Singh, Parveen Lehana

Abstract: Image enhancement technique means to process a given image so that the resultant image is more suitable than the original image. It sharpens image features such as edges, boundaries, or contrast to be more helpful for display and analysis. Approaches to texture enhancement are usually categorized as structural, statistical, model-based and transform methods based. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is the most powerful unbiased optimization technique for sampling a large solution space. The GA may be adopted to achieve better results and faster processing time in some specialized applications. In this paper, the effect of GA on the enhancement of the texture of plants infrared (IR) images has been investigated. The investigations showed that the image texture stabilizes after 50 iterations and there is hardly any change in the brightness of the image.



      Monica HennySudaryati,E. KoswaraKertapradja, Musa Hubeis, DewiSulistyani

Abstract: The government's policy towards SME has not been an impact on the effectiveness of the development of SME, as well as a lack of leadership and professional personnel. The purpose of the study to analyze how much influence the implementation of policy, leadership, professionalism apparatus either individually or jointly to the effectiveness of SME development in Semarang District.



      Rejaul Hasan, Rishad Rayyaan

Abstract: Thermoset composites made from jute woven fabric, jute non-woven mat and jute carded-sliver have been manufactured in this project. For manufacturing different composite laminates, four & nine layers of woven fabric, one & two layers of non-woven mat and three layers of carded sliver have been used. Various tensile properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus & elongation at break percentage) have been investigated according to ASTM D3039 as functions of preform architecture (woven, non-woven and sliver) and direction of applied load. Each of the three different composites exhibited reinforcing effect to the epoxy matrix system. It has been found that in terms of stiffness sliver reinforced composite shows the highest stiffness and non-woven composites shows the lowest stiffness. In terms of strength, non-woven reinforced composite shows the lowest values. The strength of woven and sliver reinforced composites have been found to be almost similar.



      Harshil Sheth, Aishwarya Karnik, Darpan Damani

Abstract: Wireless sensor network is an arrangement of sensors used to monitor and record environmental parameters like temperature, sound, pressure etc and send it to a remote destination for further processing. For these networks, a major limitation is a limited lifetime due to battery constraints which acts as a barrier for large scale deployment. One solution to this problem is wireless transfer of power, also called as ‘WiTricity’. In this article we review basics of Wireless sensor network and WiTricity as a solution to energy constraints.



      DR.Vikram Ramalingam, DR.Samikannu Ramesh, DR.Ramanathan

Abstract: Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is a cutaneous lesion classically associated with potentially fatal pseudomonal septicemia in immunocompromised patients. Other bacterial and fungal pathogens have also been implicated in EG. EG typically occurs in neutropenic or immunocompromised patients, it can occasionally affect previously healthy children. The cutaneous findings are characteristic with small indurated papulovesicles progressing rapidly to necrotic ulcers with surrounding erythema and a central black eschar. While lesions can occur at any site, most are commonly found over the buttocks, perineum, limbs, and axillae. We describe A case of EG in paediatric patient who responded to appropriate antibiotic treatment for Pseudomonas bacteremia. For patients with possible EG, it is very important to establish the diagnosis early so that appropriate systemic antibiotic therapy can be initiated to reduce morbidity and mortality.



      Joyce Njuthe, Mwasa Ishmail

Abstract: The study aimed at identifying the determinants of effective capacity in tertiary education institutions in Kenya and to establish the relative importance of the determinants. The study was a descriptive survey where data was collected using questionnaires with both closed and open ended questions. A total of 60 respondents from 30 tertiary education institutions in Kenya were interviewed and the response rate was 78%.



      Chinweife K. C, Ejimofor O. C and Ezejindu D.N.

Abstract: The carrying Angle of the elbow is the measurement of varus-valgus angulation of the arm with the elbow fully supinated. This study was aimed at correlating the relationship between carrying angle, waist circumference and hip circumference and the relationship between that of the males and females carrying angle in adolescent Nnewi people. The carrying angles of 900 Nnewi adolescents were measured, 411 were females and 489 were males. The age range of the subjects was between the ages of 10 to 19 years. The carrying angle was measured on both upper limbs with goniometer. Hip and Waist circumference was measured using butterfly tape in inches. The result of this present study shows that right carrying angle and left carrying angle were significantly higher in females (right 13.82±1.65 and left 12.55± 1.76) than that of the males ( right 12.30±1.88, left 10.99±1.87). The carrying angle also increases with age. The waist-hip ratio of the male (0.82±0.06) is significantly higher than that of the females (0.77±0.06) at the level of 0.05. The right and the left carrying angles correlate significantly with the waist circumference in both gender while the right and left carrying angles correlate significantly with hip circumference in the males but do not correlate significantly in the females.



      Rahul Godha, Sneh Prateek

Abstract: This paper introduces access control for home automation devices for Internet of Things (IoTs), which offers capabilities to identify and connect many physical sensors into a unified secure system. As a part of IoTs, serious concerns are raised over access of personal and global information pertaining to devices and individual privacy. This research talks about how different devices can be applied different access polices on it.



      Reddypatil Ashwini G, Prof. V.R.Chirchi

Abstract: With fast advance digital technology image processing is fastest and secure area of research and technology. To hiding a data and repairing with generation of authentication signal are big challenges. To overcome a problem of security a new method is used a secret data hiding and repairing of grayscale document images with generation of authentication signals. An authentication signal is generated for each 2x3 block of input grayscale document image. For generation of authentication signal a grayscale document image content need to binarized. These binarize content transferred into number of share by using Shamir secret sharing scheme. A new plane is used for data hiding called alpha channel plane. This plane adding input grayscale document image to form a Portable Network Graphics (PNG) image which is easy to communication in network. At the time of embedding computed secret values called shares mapped with range of alpha channel plane values. At the receiver side process of image authentication one of the block of image marked as tampered if authentication signal of extracted from alpha channel plane not match with the current block content. Need to repaired tampered block by applied reverse Shamir secret sharing scheme.



      Isha Gunwal, Lata Singh and Payal Mago

Abstract: Industrial waste is one of the most important sources of contamination in the surface environment. The impact of heavy metals in soils, plants, animals and humans is due to the unabated expansion of toxic effects. The toxic wastes generated are treated by physicochemical processes in which “Bioremediation” is the microbial clean up approach. Plant based remediation (Phytoremediation) is an emerging biotechnological tool, for cleaning metal polluted or contaminated soil. The present study deals with phytoremediation of metal polluted soil collected from Delhi and surrounding areas utilizing Vetiver grass, which is one of the best “Hyperaccumulators” for the phytoremediation of metal polluted sites. Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn) Nash) were grown in three types of experimental plots containing sterilized soil with a known quantity of Cd and Ni salts as present in polluted soils (i) Control without any kind of AM spores, (ii) AM inoculum prepared from spores extracted from non Cd and Ni polluted soils,(iii) AM inoculum prepared from spores extracted from Cd and Ni polluted soils. Plants were observed for their growth and harvested after 3 months. The soil and plant samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) at regular intervals i.e. every 15 days till harvesting of experimental plant. The results indicated that roots and shoots taken from plot II showed maximum uptake of Cadmium then Nickel in comparison to roots and shoots taken from plot I and plot III. Pytoremediation is found to be cost effective and highly efficient in remediating the heavy metal polluted sites.



      Yatish Kumar and Anita Bhargava

Abstract: Elderly are an integral part of a population of any country who owe respect and attention equally like any other section. However, due to changing family structure and modernisation, elderly population is facing inevitable challenges to live their life respectfully. Loneliness, negligence and less importance, illness due to ageing and against lack of treatment are the most of the treacherous conditions which elderly are facing. Sadly, the abusers are their family members, ironically, on whom they depend upon the maximum. The abusive behavior towards elderly is a serious issue which is to be solved; otherwise it will harm the physical, mental and emotional condition of elderly in the Indian families inevitably and irreversibly.



      Dr. Suchi V. Shah, Dr. Harsha C. Jani, Dr. Devendra A. Saxena

Abstract: Objective: To the measure the effect of retinal laser on contrast sensitivity(CS), visual acuity and self reported visual disability in patients of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A prospective and analytical study in 53 eyes undergoing frequency doubled Nd-YAG retinal laser photocoagulation for DR was conducted over a period of 1 year at a tertiary care center. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CS were measured before each laser sitting and on subsequent follow-ups. The pre-laser measurements were compared with those of 3 month follow-up. On the final visit a self reported visual disability questionnaire was administered.



      Chang’orok Joel and Clariss Kasamba

Abstract: In the Concise Oxford Dictionary, image is described as "the character or reputation of a person or thing as generally perceived". A first impression based on non-verbal communication goes a long way in influencing this perception and within seconds of meeting someone for the first time, your appearance, body language and non-verbal communication will create a lasting first impression, and that person will assume to know everything about you. Like it or not, it's true and the work world demands making a great first impression and keeping it. This paper looks at how communication of gender is manifested through personal grooming and adornment in different cultures and in fact different times in the world. It goes further to delve on whether really women -a times “dress to kill” as well as youth and the popular culture today. All this in an effort to check on whether - indeed people dress to communicate, entertain or just cover their nakedness. Specifically, the people looks at how a person’s gender determines how they dress as well as how cultures determine the way we dress.



      Syed Imran Bukhari, Sanjana kaul, Manoj Kumar Dhar

Abstract: Saffron derived from Crocus sativus is the most expensive, flavored and colorful spice with worldwide importance and utilities in many disease conditions. Many efforts have been made to detect variability in this plant. We used sequence specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP) and retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers for analyzing the genetic diversity among thirty accessions of Crocus sativus. Besides, we also attempted metabolite profiling in these accessions. This work aimed at assessing the molecular and biochemical variability in saffron since it has been reported to be highly stable in other parts of the world. Various primer combinations were used in SSAP and REMAP for PCR amplification and the primers giving the best pattern were used for further analysis. The retrotransposon based molecular marker failed to find any variation at molecular level inferring the inability of retrotransposon mobility to cause polymorphism in geographically different cultivars of Crocus sativus. However, the HPLC profiling of samples collected from 17 selected locations among the thirty samples, revealed variations in metabolite concentrations of crocin and safranal. The results obtained in this study supported the monomorphic nature of Kashmir saffron at genetic level.



      *Gnanambal.V Asha.B Bhuvaneswari.A

Abstract: The Contamination of water by toxic heavy metals through the discharge of Industrial wastewater has been causing worldwide concern in the last few decades. Metals that is significantly toxic to human beings and ecological environments. The concentrations of toxic metals in wastewater effluent are higher than permissible discharge levels. Because of all these reasons and some definite regulations measures of precaution, it becomes necessary to remove the heavy metals from wastewater by an appropriate treatment before releasing them into the environment. Azadirachta Indica is used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from the textile wastewater. The adsorbent exhibits very high adsorption potential for removal of chromium which was achieved maximum at 90% in pH of range 1 to 10. The equilibrium data were fitted well by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models.



      Anindita Mondal

Abstract: “Dalit” is the name which the people to those castes at the very bottom of India’s caste hierarchy have given themselves. Formerly they were known as untouchables, because their presence was considered to be so polluting that contact with them was to be avoided at all costs. The official label for them has been Scheduled Castes, because if their caste is listed on the government schedule, caste members become eligible for a number of affirmative action benefits and protections.



      Ashok Upadhyay, Arnab Chowdhury

Abstract: In recent years the solar energy technologies has experienced phenomenal growth. The realization of technological improvements, growing public awareness of environmental issues, the economic climate and number of policy instruments have facilitated and sustained this strong interest in these technologies. Since the cost of electricity generated from solar is still expensive and also the power from renewable resources including solar is infirm power, large scale development of renewable resources did not take place and distribution utilities are also least interested to purchase power from renewable sources. This paper provides an overview of technical, economic and policy aspects of solar energy development. It reviews the status of solar energy in terms of resource potential, existing capacity, along with historical trends and future growth prospects of solar energy. The paper also focuses on the technical, economical, and institutional barriers to the development and utilization of solar energy technologies. The paper reviews existing fiscal and regulatory policy instruments to support solar energy development, indicating how successful these policy apparatus are in achieving their goals. And finally a review based on existing studies of the future prospects of solar energy supply under various scenarios in Indian restructured power sector is provided



      Natalia Kalimang`asi, Robert Majula and Nathaniel Naftali Kalimang`asi

Abstract: The study is aimed at evaluating production, marketing and income of small holder grape producers in Dodoma. The study used both primary and secondary data. A sample of 35 smallholders grape producers was randomly selected. Data were collected by using semi –structured questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS and Ms- Excel. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the frequencies and percentages whereby mean of Kgs/acre and mean income/acre were calculated to determine performance of the farmers.



      Nathaniel Naftali Kalimang`asi, Agrey Kihombo (PhD) and Natalia Kalimang`asi

Abstract: This study examined the technical efficiency of cocoa productivity through contract farming in Tanzania for improving livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Probability sampling was used to select 271 respondents (131 respondents from Kilombero and140 from Kyela Districts). A cross-sectional data were collected using structured questionnaire from cocoa smallholder farmers. The data was analyzed by using NLOGIT software version 5. The results show that the mean technical efficiency was 79.7% and 61.6% from Kilombero and Kyela Districts respectively. Smallholder farmers from Kilombero District were more efficient than Kyela District within contractual arrangement. These smallholder farmers were technically efficient in terms of number of hours spent in farms, labour training, experience, distance and Size of labourer. Moreover, results show that smallholder farmers agreed that being in contract had increased access of training (89.3% (n=242)), credits (80.8% (n=219)), production quantity (73.1% (n=198)), production acreage (71.7% (n=194)), timely purchase (92.9% (n=252)) and timely payment (95.2% (n=258)). However, results show that 67.47% of respondents disagreed that contract farming did not provide timely inputs and 74.9% of respondents disagreed that contract farming helped to introduce new technology. Therefore, findings suggest that contract farming contributed a lot on improving smallholder farmers’ livelihood within contract farming.



      Nathaniel Naftali Kalimang`asi, Agrey Kihombo (PhD) and Natalia Kalimang`asi

Abstract: This study centred on assessing the effect of key determinants of technical efficiency in cocoa production through contract farming drawing experience of Kilombero and Kyela districts. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires. Probability sampling design was used to obtain respondents from smallholder farmers. Whereby cross-sectional data were collected using structured questionnaire from the sample size of 271 respondents in Kyela and Kilombero Districts. The stochastic production frontier function was estimated by using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), data was analysed by using NLOGIT software version 5. Overall results show that 41 percent (n=111) of smallholder farmers had a mean technical efficiency below 50 percent and thus are considered to be technically inefficient while 59 percent (n=160) of them were technically efficient by more than 50 percent. These smallholder farmers were technically efficient in terms of number of hours spent in farms, labour training, experience, distance and size of labourer. Moreover, results show that smallholder farmers agreed that being in contract had increased access of training (89.3% (n=242)), credits (80.8% (n=219)), production quantity (73.1% (n=198)), production acreage (71.7% (n=194)), timely purchase (92.9% (n=252)) and timely payment (95.2% (n=258)). Whereas, the results show that 67.47% (n=183) of respondents said, contract farming had no impact on timely inputs and 74.9% (n=203) of respondent disagreed that contract farming helped to introduce new technology. Thus, the study concluded that there is great possibility for technical efficiency to increase agricultural productivity in contract farming.



      Gosa Setu Tafese and Desta Tamrat Desta

Abstract: Education is increasingly acknowledged as a means for combating diverse societal problems. It is also widely accredited as pre eminent in fostering attitudes, knowledge and skills of citizens (Birhanu, 2012). The education system has a societal responsibility to produce good and responsible citizens, who understand, respect the constitution, democratic values and human rights; develop attitudes for research and community services; develop a sense of citizenship to participate in and contribute to the development of the community and the country (BHRT, 2001). To achieve this objective, a curriculum for the delivery of Civics and Ethical Education was developed and harmonized at national level. As a result, Civics and Ethical Education has started to be taught at the primary, secondary and higher education levels.



      Ahmad Naeem, Bashir Taseer, Saluja Arti,Chandel Shilpi, Krishnan Vijay, Yadav Monu

Abstract: In day to day practice, Prosthodontists and General Dentists frequently come across patients who have extreme oral sensitivity by which they are unable to tolerate any foreign material in the oral cavity. Patients with such sensitivity often complaint of nausea, gagging or vomiting during the dental procedures which creates a difficult situation to manage. The objective of this paper is underline and understand the neurophysiology of gag reflex and enable an operator to manage this situational emergency.



      H.M. Nishanthi

Abstract: Small business entrepreneurs play a significant role in the economic development of Sri Lanka. However statistics indicate that most of the small businesses fail, despite their importance to the economy. Researches signify several reasons for their failure, in which lack of entrepreneurial traits being a major reason. Siropolis (1994) had identified six major entrepreneurial traits to be found in entrepreneurs, while four of them such as creativity and innovation, risk taking, self-confidence and hardworking which are believed to be most significant have been taken in this study for consideration. Pickle (1964) points out that if entrepreneur characteristics condition a business success or failure, then identification of these features is a important value as a predictor, to degree, of a success or failure.



      S.T.S.K. Warakaulle, W.A.D.V. Weerathilake and N.R. Abeynayake

Abstract: Yogurt is an increasingly popular cultured dairy product in most of the countries. Popularity of yogurt has increased due to its perceived health benefits. Health-promoting attributes of yogurt containing live and active cultures are well documented. Yogurt is easily digested, has high nutritional value, and is a rich source of carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamin, calcium, and phosphorus. Main objectives of this research were to find out the ability of producing yogurt incorporated with Water melon and to evaluate the consumer preference for yogurt incorporated with Water melon. Prepared yogurts were analyzed for moisture, ash, total solid, fat, and vitamin C content. Titrable acidity, pH, and microbial quality (Total plate count, Coliform and yeast/mold) have been investigated on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days of refrigerated storage. The addition of Water melon juice into the yogurt showed an increase in vitamin C content when compared to the plain yogurt. In addition, decreased levels in the fat, total solids, and titratable acidity were observed comparatively to the plain yogurt. Coliform and yeast/moulds count was less than 10cfu/g in both the control and the experimental yogurt. The addition of 25% Water melon juice into milk in order to produce yogurt, improved the yogurt in terms of color, appearance, odor and overall acceptability of yogurt.



      Archana Thange, Amina.N, Amruta Nimbalkar

Abstract: Degraded document images is very difficult to segment in text format due the high inter /intra variation between the document background and foreground text from different document images. In this paper we propose a binarization technique for recovering degraded document images. In the proposed technique firstly adaptive image contrast map is constructed by giving input degraded document images and detect the text stroke edge pixel. Text of the document is segmented by using local threshold estimation then further applying the post processing to improve document binarization quality. The proposed method is simple, effective and involves minimum parameter tuning.



      D.A.P.R.Damunupola , W.A.D.V. Weerathilake and G.S.Sumanasekara

Abstract: Production of goat milk has increased worldwide due to its numerous health benefits. Goat milk is a rich source of proteins, vitamins, minerals as well as many short and medium chain fatty acids. Goat milk has better digestibility, lower allergenicity and suitable for those who suffer from lactose intolerance. Considering those health benefits, current study was carried out to produce a goat milk yogurt and identify the plausibility use of beetroot juice to mask the goaty flavor. Yogurt samples were stored at 4oC and physicochemical evaluation was conducted for 21 days at the interval of seven days. Addition of beetroot juice into goat milk increased moisture content and lowered total solid content while fat, protein and ash contents were non-significant during the storage. The titratable acidity of plain goat milk yogurt and beetroot yogurt decreased from 0.91% to 0.80% and 0.85% to 0.84% respectively where as pH increased from 4.45 to 4.54 for plain goat milk yogurt and 4.34 to 4.64 for beetroot yogurt after 21 days of storage. Highest microbial count was observed after 14 days of storage; 18.70 x106 for plain yogurtand 17.56 x106 for beetroot yogurt. Sensory evaluation revealed that 4% is the most preferred beetroot juice concentration out of 4%, 6% and 8%. Ninety eight percent panelists preferred to consume beetroot yogurt and most of them were willing to pay Rs.45/- for the new product.



      K. V. Krishna, K. Satyavathi, M. Venu

Abstract: Venlafaxine Hcl is an anti-depressant drug which is used in depression. The aim of present investigation was to prepare an ER tablet of Venlafaxine Hcl with similar dissolution profile matching to Effexor ER. An immediate release core tablet of 100mg was prepared and it was compression coated using HPMC matrix system. HPMC of three viscosity grades i.e., K4M, K15M, K100M and different concentrations of 15% polymer, 25% polymer, 35% polymer & 45% polymer were taken. With the above polymers by using wet granulation and direct compression process 24 formulations were prepared. The data obtained from in vitro drug release was used to determine the similarity factor between marketed and optimized product. Out of all F7 formulation (K15M 35% polymer) is optimized and is matching with the marketed product.



      Renju Chandran

Abstract: Mobile Banking refers to provision of banking and financial services with the help of mobile telecommunication devices. The scope of offered services may include facilities to conduct bank transactions, to administer accounts and to access customized information. After the launch of mobile banking in India, mobile banking transactions have seen some growth. Still mobile banking has a long way to go as, majority of customers prefer banking in traditional ways. The basic objective is to identify the advantages and limitations of mobile banking and the problems faced by customers in mobile banking. The banking sector reforms and introduction of e-banking has made very structural changes in service quality, managerial decisions, operational performance, profitability and productivity of the banks. There are various factors which have played vital role in the Indian banking sector for adoption of technology. So in order to run the mobile banking effectively, proper care has been taken care of and take adequate steps to improve the quality services.



      Dr. M.V.S.R.Vineet Kumar, Dr. Deepthi Gulivindala

Abstract: Oral ranula is a retention cyst arising from the sublingual gland on the floor of the mouth as a result of ductal obstruction and fluid retention. There are various techniques to manage ranula in the literature. There is no doubt that excision of the offending sublingual gland will cure all ranulas. Still, some surgeons prefer to initially treat ranulas by marsupialization, perhaps because of the potential surgical complications when removing the sublingual gland, most notably injury to the lingual nerve, injury to Wharton’s duct with the possibility of stenosis leading to obstructive sialadenitis, and ductal laceration causing salivary leakage. This paper highlights a case report of ranula in the floor of the mouth which was about 2cm and has been successfully treated by marsupalization and low level laser therapy. (LLLT)



      Shireen Romana, Prof. Rajendra Chincholi

Abstract: An adequate blood supply is required for the normal functioning of all organs in the body. However this flow can be impeded due to several reasons, thrombus or clot being a major one. Detection of such clots is done with the help of an imaging technique called “DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY” by transmitting an ultrasound pulse and calculating the frequency of the received signal. If there is no clot the reception is always a homogenous signal, whereas if a certain part being sonographed has a clot the received signal shows a variance in frequency which depends upon the distance from the receiver. Hence blood clot detection in ultrasonography is based on obtaining the frequency variance and applying adaptive thresholding.In this work we propose a ZOOM FFT based technique followed by automated adaptive thresholding to detect the clot. Data files are synthesized by simulation in MATLAB. Also the entire system is developed in a Matlab environment for the system to be both simple and cost-effective.



      Shilpa Jaiswal, R.R Sedamkar

Abstract: The wavelet transform is widely used in image processing algorithms. In this paper two different wavelet compression techniques are applied on the image. The compression is performed using EZW and SPIHT wavelet based compression techniques. In compression, wavelets have presented a good flexibility to a wide range of data, while being of reasonable complexity. These techniques are more efficient and provide a better quality in the image. The techniques are compared by using the performance parameters Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Compression Ratio (CR) and Bit rate (BR) at different threshold. In the end the conclusion is observed to know which technique is better for image compression. It is observed that compression ratio for SPIHT is better as compared to compression ratio of EZW.



      Harita Kapur, Suruchi Mittar

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to measure if Design intervention helps in the revival of dying crafts and illustrate how interesting ideas and new intervention models can be developed for several purposes, whether for revitalizing a languishing craft or for developing new products to create livelihoods.



      Hossein Shamshiri

Abstract: The Noble Prize winning Doris Lessing created a flurry of discussion about her relevance to spiritualism, mysticism, and Sufism after her turn from realism to speculative fiction. It is the purpose of this study to show that Lessing’s proclivity for portraying imagined worlds in her later speculative space fiction reflects a paradigm shift that sheds light on the contemporary apocalyptic climate of clashing moral certainties. In her space fiction novels, the most important of which is Shikasta, Lessing, like a prophet, captured a zeitgeist and unveiled the wounds of our time. By analyzing the narrative techniques that Lessing uses in Shikasta I try to prove that Shikasta is central in Lessing’s prolific oeuvre because it so clearly sets forth the basic terms of her debate about universal identity and the way that it can be represented through fiction. My main discussion is that Lessing’s epistemology and ontology can be embodied in her belief in the Utopian future of the earth; the narrative structure of Shikasta shows that such a Utopia or Paradise can be regained by practicing the spiritual practices of Sufism.



      Bedhioufi Hafsi, Abidi Aymen & Kumar Serge Rogert

Abstract: In our study on the route of violence in sport in Tunisia, we opted for two complementary approaches. One quality that has been enabled us to raise slogans and song lyrics supporters. Analysis of lyrics and songs reveals the specific forms that take violence in football stadiums. The use of qualitative techniques allowed us to define the population to be studied and concepts while placing them in the context of sport. We performed 600 questionnaires sent to football fans from different clubs playing in first and second division championship four areas of Tunisia, which are: (T1 includes the clubs: North and Grand Tunis, T2 includes the clubs : Central and Central East, T3 has the clubs: North West and Central West, T4 has the clubs: South). Comparing different results shows a significant difference between the responses of the supporters of the different territories, the paradox of this study.. the supporters of the different territories regret acts of violence. While they say they commit and most of the time during derbies. We note that catalyst element of violence is the refusal the defeat of the favorite team. Such violence is also expressed in the slogans and chants in stadiums.



      Loum Janani, Lukyambuzi Hillary, Kodi Phillips

Abstract: The study investigated the effects of different methods of application of selected mordants on dyeing woven cotton with dyes from the stem bark of Albizia coriaria. The methods of application of mordants used includes; pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting and post-mordanting. The effects on cotton analyzed are color fastness to; light, washing, wet and dry rubbing and color characteristics on CIELab color coordinates. Aqueous extraction method was used to extract the dye. Some selected mordants were used for dyeing viz; alum, ferrous sulphate, and iron water. In the control dyeing without the use of mordants, very good fastness were registered with the following fastness ratings; for washing (4-5), dry rubbing (5), wet rubbing (5) and light (4). The natural dye is a substantive dye since it registered very good fastness grades without the use of mordants. The use of mordants improved color fastness to light from ratings of (4) to (5) and (6) for iron water and ferrous sulphate and a poor fastness of (3) was recorded for alum. Post-mordanting method registered the best overall fastness results and the best color strengths K/S values and color saturation values C. However, the most brilliant colors were registered with simultaneous mordanting method with all mordants. However, there was no observable effect of mordanting methods on the redness or yellowness of color.



      Angelika Sharma, Anu Ramotra

Abstract: Physico- Chemical Characteristics of Paper Industry Effluents located in Bari Bramana, District Samba, Jammu and Kashmir,were analyzed for the parameters such as pH, Turbidity, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Electrical conductivity for treated as well as untreated effluents. Of all parameters Turbidity and Total Suspended solids for both treated and untreated effluents were above the permissible limits.



      Dr(Prof) U. Srivastava, Dr. Regina Lalramhluni, Dr. Preeti Rawat, Dr(prof) V. Bhaisare

Abstract: The aim was to present the experience in the management of cases of traumatic cataract with special reference to age, sex, type of injury, preoperative status of the eye, associated ocular injury, timing of injury and its effect on the final visual outcome.



      Dr. Ramanuj Patel and Deepika Patel

Abstract: Seven different strains of Trichoderma are isolated from wilt infected leguminous crops of a Madhya Pradesh state and tested for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium (soil borne pathogen) which is expressed as a zone of inhibition in the culture plates. The seven strains are identified as Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. koningii, T. atroviride, T. longibrachiatum, and T. virens. Upon successful identification, morphological description of the isolated strains. This study aims at selecting the best strain of Trichoderma species (Trichoderma viride) and then preparing a simple bioformulation that is cheap, easy to apply and readily accessible to the farmers. Shelf life of the prepared bioformulation is even checked for 180 days and it is concluded that the number of prop gules start declining from 30th day onwards when the bioformulation is prepared in talc as a carrier material.



      Khayati Sant Ram, Mahesh Sharma, Anshu Sharma, Kanchan kapoor, Kunal Chawla, Richa Gupta, Daisy Sahni

Abstract: The study was made on morphometric parameters of human fetal kidney. The present study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh. The material for the study consisted of 30 spontaneously aborted human fetal specimens from 12th to 28th weeks of gestational ages. The kidneys were taken from fetal specimens for morphological study. The measurements were done compass, scale and vernier caliper. The present study established a significant and positive correlation between the length,breadth and thickness of kidney. All the parameters increased with increase in gestational age maximum increase was observed from group B-C.Correlation of kidney with suprarenal gland were positive. Length and thickness of kidney was more than suprarenal length and thickness, whereas breadth of kidney was less than breadth of suprarenal gland in all the age groups. All the parameters of kidney increased from that of suprarenal by approximately two or more than two times from end of 1st trimester to 3rd trimester. A linear correlation of kidney parameters with suprarenal parameters was observed.



      Dalha Wada Taura, Auwalu Hassan, Musa Dahiru

Abstract: The association between water, sanitation, hygiene and health are well known. Many diseases are associated with contaminated water which man consume directly or indirectly through cooking, washing utensils, bathing, etc. Such circumstances results in various infections and diarrheal diseases. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between hygiene practices and microbiological qualities of household drinking water in some parts of Kano, Nigeria. Coliforms were isolated by using membrane filter method with subsequent cultivation on differential and selective media. A total of 212 water samples were collected and 167 questionnaires were administered to each participating household. Of these 212, 83.0% of water samples used had coliform bacteria. A total of 143 (67.5%) households store their drinking water while only 69 (32.5%) collect and use their water without storage. Post-collection contamination was found to vary according to certain parameters like container used in collection and storage of the water, storage duration, number of children and wives and mode of collection.



      Harshawardhan S. Bhosale, Prof. Devendra P. Gadekar

Abstract: The term ‘Big Data’ describes innovative techniques and technologies to capture, store, distribute, manage and analyze petabyte- or larger-sized datasets with high-velocity and different structures. Big data can be structured, unstructured or semi-structured, resulting in incapability of conventional data management methods. Data is generated from various different sources and can arrive in the system at various rates. In order to process these large amounts of data in an inexpensive and efficient way, parallelism is used. Big Data is a data whose scale, diversity, and complexity require new architecture, techniques, algorithms, and analytics to manage it and extract value and hidden knowledge from it. Hadoop is the core platform for structuring Big Data, and solves the problem of making it useful for analytics purposes. Hadoop is an open source software project that enables the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of commodity servers. It is designed to scale up from a single server to thousands of machines, with a very high degree of fault tolerance.


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