Abstract: This paper is trying to explore the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the synthesis of nano α-alumina particles. α - Al2O3 is widely used and studied as high temperature structural material, electronic packaging, corrosion resistant and translucent ceramics. Sol-gel method was adopted for synthesis. PVA was used as surface stabilizing agent. The results indicated that the addition of PVA affected the particle size and reduces the degree of aggregation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for nano powders indicated the presence of a single phase nano α-Al2O3 particles. The surface morphology of aluminium oxide nano particles was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) which shows that the particles are having irregular spherical shape.