Abstract: Infertility is a significant issue affecting around 48 million couples worldwide. It raises key concerns in reproductive biology, particularly regarding the influence of psychological stress on conception rates. Individuals facing fertility challenges often experience intense emotional strain, heightening the risk of psychological complications. Stress and infertility mutually reinforce each other, with stress playing a substantial role in causing infertility. Furthermore, infertility treatments can exacerbate stress levels, leading to poorer treatment outcomes. The biological link between stress and infertility primarily involves hormonal mechanisms in the brain, particularly impacting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which influences reproductive hormone secretion and pregnancy success. Sex hormones are essential in both reproductive health and overall physiological processes, facilitating the necessary conditions for pregnancy. This review investigates how stress impairs reproductive success and the role of sex hormones in infertility. Additionally, it outlines methods for managing stress and discusses situations that may induce stress.