Abstract: In developing countries, the health status of millions of kids is affected by financial problems arising from unexpected out-of-pocket health expenditures. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to assess the impact of health insurance on child health outcomes using a panel of 10 West African countries over the period from 2005 to 2015. After controlling for income, education and the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak experienced in the sub-region, it is found that the compulsory as well as the voluntary health insurance schemes significantly increase life expectancy at birth and significantly decrease both the under-five and the neonatal mortality rates. Therefore, it is recommended that public health authorities organize sensitization campaigns to educate the population and create awareness about the benefits of health insurance. They should also reinforce the compulsory health insurance scheme and create incentives for the development of the voluntary one.