Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the dimension of climate variability in the main socio-economic sectors in Niger (agriculture, livestock, transport, health). The climatic situation since 1992 is characterized by a sudden alternation between very wet and very dry years, rather than an alternation of wet (1950-19698) or dry periods (1970-1991). The number of people affected has been steadily increasing, rising from 24,234 in 2013 to more than 430,000 in 2020. The damaged crop areas have increased fivefold while the number of decimated livestock has increased eightfold between 2012 and 2018. Transport infrastructure, particularly bridges, most of which were built in the 1970s and 1990s, i.e. during the periods of rainfall deficits, no longer respond to current climatic conditions (intense rainfall, increasing gullying, reactivation of dead valleys, rising water tables, etc.).