Abstract: The Cellulose is the most abundant polymer in nature and constitutes a large pool of carbon for microorganisms, the main agent responsible for soil organic matter decomposition. Cellulolysis is broughtabout by interaction of complex communities of micro-organisms namely, fungi and bacteria. Earlier studies have shown that the substrate cellulose is insoluble, therefore bacterial and fungal degradation occurs exocellularly either in association with the outer cell envelop layer or extracellularly. Earthworms play an important role in the degradation of substrate indirectly by affecting microbial population structure and dynamics and also directly simply because their gut is capable in undertaking cellulolytic activity. Thus, products of cellulose hydrolysis are available as carbon and energy sources for other microbes that inhabit environment in which cellulose is biodegraded, and this availability forms the basis of many biological interactions. Yet, there are still few questions to be answered as to whether cellulase comes from the earthworm or from symbiotic ingested microorganisms during the cellulolysis?