Abstract: This thesis explores human resource management (HRM) in higher education in Libya, with a particular focus on the challenges and strategies for improvement. Through the analysis of existing policies, practices, and structures within higher education institutions, the study identifies key areas for development and enhancement. The research findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach in reforming HRM practices to achieve sustainable development of higher education institutions. The implementation of the recommended strategies can significantly contribute to improving the quality of education and research, thus fostering Libya’s economic and social development. Special attention is given to the role of technology and innovation in modernizing HRM practices and the importance of continuous professional development of the teaching staff.