Abstract: This study investigated relationship among public, private costs and transition of Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) students in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja and its implications on human capital development in Nigeria. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study was anchored on the equalization theory of Cubberley,1905. The study employed Ex-Post-Facto and a Descriptive Survey research design. The population of the study was 47,576 year three students in 182 public JSS. A sample size of 18 (10 percent) Schools participated in the study