Abstract: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins which are part of extracellular matrix are capable of inducing de novo bone formation. De novo bone formation is essential in treating non-union of fractures, periodontal defects or in patients with tissue irradiation, those in whom there is a necessity to augment alveolar ridge or maxillary sinus for implant placement. BMPs are essential components of tissue engineering. This article focuses on history of isolation and purification of BMPs, mechanism of action, carriers and various clinical applications of BMPs.