Abstract: Many people lose their lives each year due to disasters in Tanzania, with a vast property damage. When compared to others, floods are the number one damaging economics and causing loss of lives. The Mkondoa River is one of the biggest rivers which causes floods in Kilosa District. This article, has explored the influence of governance and/or institutional structures on the management and control of floods, in the four villages adjacent to Mkondoa River in Kilosa District.