Abstract: Nanotechnology, is a rapidly evolving field with immense potential in diverse sectors catering to mankind. Nanomaterials, generated and engineered with the help of nanotechnology offer a multitude of applications in biomedicine as well as in agriculture, owing to the unique, size-based physical and chemical attributes they exhibit. Theranostics, a branch of nanomedicine, employs these small- sized nanoparticles, endowed with large surface area, for diagnosis as well as for treatment of diseases. Agriculture is another sector where nanomaterials have range of applications from acting as fertilizers, enhancing nutrient uptake by the plants from soil, to nanopesticides managing wide spectrum of agricultural pests including- phytophagous insects, fungi and several weeds, resulting into increment in food production.