Abstract: This paper examines the basic aspects of standard of living of the Indian origin estate sector Tamil society, which is a very unique social group living in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. The Indian origin estate sector Tamils are the people, who were brought by the colonial British from South India with the purpose of satisfying the increasing labour needs in the nineteenth century Sri Lankan plantations. Even after spending nearly two centuries in the island, this group of people still lives in a poor condition with many unchanged socio-economic structures of life. Trying to understand the living condition of this distinct social group, this work has been done by referring to their all socio-economic performances through an in depth analysis.