Abstract: Reproduction encompasses a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as the development of organs, the regulation of neuroendocrine systems, hormone synthesis, and the processes of meiosis and mitosis. Infertility, which is the inability to reproduce, has emerged as a significant concern for human reproductive health, impacting approximately one out of every seven couples globally. This article delves into various facets of human infertility, including its causes, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic options, with a special focus on genetic factors. The discussion centers on the production and quality of gametes, which are essential for successful reproduction. Additionally, the article explores prospective research avenues and obstacles, aiming to enhance our comprehension of human infertility and to improve patient outcomes through targeted diagnoses and tailored treatments.