Abstract: Anaerobic Digestion has been used for decades, primarily in rural areas, for the production of biogas for use as a cooking and lighting fuel. Anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal waste is a relatively new concept that only in the past 20-30 years has found application in pilot and full scale. While anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste is yet to be widely applied in underdeveloped countries, it can said to be well established in industrialised nation most especially Europe. This result is largely due to waste and energy policies in Europe (e.g., The Landfill Directive 1999). In Europe, Investigation reveals that as at the year 2016 there are 224 anaerobic digestion facilities with an accumulative capacity of 7,750,000 tonnes/year treating over 5% of the biodegradable organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Netherland and Switzerland have the largest capacity installed per capita. The current study shows that anaerobic digestion has become a well-established and accepted treatment option for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. It has become a good alternative to incineration or landfill disposal due to its lower environmental impacts.