Abstract: Present paper is a micro level case study of Kolhapur city in Maharashtra. This study is based on secondary sources of data from different government reports, research articles from journals and books and internet sources. In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the problem of water pollution of panchaganga river due to urbanization and industrialization and its impact on public health in Kolhapur city and measures to be taken to deal with this problem effectively. Researches have proved that, water pollution is one of the most leading causes of public health issues and mortality. Water pollution is the outcome of urbanization and overpopulation. Water pollution is caused due to over utilization of fertilizers by farmers, sewage from hotels, hospitals and homes and industries in the city. The polluted water of Panchganga has led to spread some dangerous infectious diseases like Diarrhea, jaundice, gastro and fever etc. in Kolhapur city. Therefore; there is a need of government intervention with the help of active peoples’ participation.