Abstract: Since millennia India has been the land of Cultural tradition and religious value, which spreads rich and varied cultural heritage. This heritage have scattered all over the India in the form of Archaeological Monuments and sites of various type like Temples, Mosques, Churches, Monasteries, Stupas, Step Wells, Megalithic Pillars, Kos Minar, Mausoleums, Forts and Fortification, Tombs and ancient sites belonging to Pre-historic, historical and Medieval period. Among all these monuments Ajanta caves (which are located in Maharashtra state) are one of the most significant examples of Buddhist site and has been the proud of our cultural history related to 2 century B.C. to 4 century A.D. Not only its structure, painting, carving, stone work, sculptures are peculiar but also its paintings which are related to Buddhist are the most authentic example of our Buddhist Indian History. They have its own identity which told the story of its magnificent past. Yet Ajanta caves are in deterioration process but there are so many conservation work is being conducted by chemical branch of Archaeological Survey of India which are very laudable. So the main aspect of my paper is to throw some light on deterioration and conservation problems related to Ajanta caves.