Abstract: This research project delved into an examination of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) practices’ influence on the performance of conditional grants projects within the County Government of Meru, Kenya. The investigation aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of M&E tools, capacity development, planning, and budgeting on the overall success of these projects. Anchored in the principles of principal-agent theory, results-organizational learning theory, and systems theory, this study underscored the significance of M&E practices in enhancing accountability and effectiveness in public service delivery.