Abstract: The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) conflict is the most current and deeply intense diplomatic crisis over the usage of the Nile waters. Over the last 30 years, the struggle for the Nile waters has and continues to develop significantly. In 2011, it worsen after Ethiopia began construction of the GERD project. The Nile Basin consisting of 11 countries that are of significant geopolitical interplay to the Nile’s overall hydro-political regime. The aim of this research was to discuss the legal aspect of the GERD dispute, changing dynamics shaping the dispute as well as the socio-economic and security implications of GERD.