Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors that affect teaching and learning of mathematics in the undergraduate students of University of Education, Winneba (UEW) in the Department of Mathematics Education. The study also investigated the challenges that students encounter due to the factors. The study employed case study design. In all, 10 respondents comprising of 6 students from the Department of Mathematics Education from UEW and 4 secondary school teachers were interviewed. The data collected were thematically analysed. The study revealed 13 factors which were categorized into five categories: pedagogical factors, conceptual factors, technological factors, modelling factors and individual factors. Among these factors, the pedagogical factors was considered the most influential of all.