Abstract: The combustion behaviour of wood and bamboo presents a significant challenge for their use as construction materials due to their lignocellulosic nature. Historically, various chemical treatments have been employed to enhance the fire resistance of lignocellulosic materials. Early methods utilized boron-based and phosphorus-based compounds. Recently, advancements have introduced silicon-based and nanomaterial-based fire retardants (FRs). Additionally, carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have garnered considerable interest from researchers. This paper examines the range of fire-retardant materials applied to lignocellulosic substrates.