Abstract: This article describes relevant separation techniques for determining the removal of heavy metals from solutions and soils to achieve top quality in this field. Every innovation is quickly identified, regular working conditions are introduced and the innovation is implemented. The techniques described include the chemical precipitation (hydroxide, sulfide reagents or carbonate), coagulation / aggregation, ion exchange, extraction of chelators, soluble extraction, complex formation, electrochemical processes, cementation, includes film processing, evaporation, absorption and coagulation / fixation, glasses . Several narrative examples are given, focusing on ways to reduce waste and treat lead-contaminated soil. The article ends with a brief discussion of important screening requirements in this area.