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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications

IJSRP, Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2016 Edition [ISSN 2250-3153]


The Shift of Focalization in James Joyce's Ulysses
      Dr. Mansour Hashemi, Parvin Hesabi
Abstract: James Joyce's Ulysses is one of the masterpieces of modernist literature in the realm of novel. This novel has become particularly famous for Joyce's stylistic innovations. In this work Joyce has extensively employed the technique of stream of consciousness and shifting styles. One of the most important outstanding elements of this novel is Joyce's use of multiplicity of focalization. Joyce in Ulysses plays with different focalizers, internal and external focalizer. The focalization shifts among major character focalizers such as Bloom, Molly, Stephen and a variety of other minor characters and other narrator focalizers. By using technique such as interior monologue and stream of consciousness Joyce's novel is mostly characterized in terms of internal focalization. This article aims to examine the concept of character focalizer and narrator focalizer by using Gennet's and Mieke Bal's theory on focalization. Besides; the shift and 'alterations' among different focalizers in the novel and the facets of focalization will be discussed in the article. Finally the researcher by tracing the concepts the narrator focalizer and character focalizer and the facets will affirm the concept of open text in the work.

Reference this Research Paper (copy & paste below code):

Dr. Mansour Hashemi, Parvin Hesabi (2018); The Shift of Focalization in James Joyce's Ulysses; Int J Sci Res Publ 6(8) (ISSN: 2250-3153). http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0816.php?rp=P565742
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