Abstract: Urbanization is increasingly transforming agricultural landscapes in many developing countries, resulting in significant loss of arable land and raising concerns about food security. This study assessed urban expansion, arable land loss, and food security implications in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria, using geospatial techniques. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for 2016 and 2026 was processed and analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques. Supervised classification and post-classification change detection methods were employed to quantify land use/land cover (LULC) changes, while projection analysis was used to estimate future land use patterns for 2036. The classification achieved high accuracy levels, with overall accuracies of 94.67% and 93.33% and Kappa coefficients of 0.936 and 0.920 for 2016 and 2026, respectively. Results revealed significant land use transformations during the study period. Built-up areas increased from 30.74 km² (5.36%) in 2016 to 50.18 km² (8.75%) in 2026, representing an increase of 19.44 km². Conversely, arable land declined from 205.49 km² (35.85%) to 179.05 km² (31.23%), resulting in a loss of 26.44 km². Vegetation cover decreased by 17.09 km², while bare land expanded by 49.76 km². These changes indicate rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and increasing pressure on agricultural resources. The 2036 projection suggests continued urban growth and further reduction of agricultural land if current trends persist. The study concludes that unchecked urban expansion poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food security in Jos South. It recommends sustainable land-use planning, farmland protection policies, and environmental conservation measures to promote balanced urban development and long-term food security.