Abstract: Warm-blooded vertebrates accumulate approximately Nā ā 109 cardiac cycles over a natural lifetime, a striking empirical regularity first quantified by Lindstedt and Calder yet lacking a physical interpretation. We propose that this invariance is consistent with a conserved thermo- dynamic budget, formulated here as the Principle of Biological Time Equivalence (PBTE).
Mesfin Asfaw Taye (2026);
Thermodynamic Parametrisation of the Vertebrate Lifetime Cycle Invariant: Biological Proper Time, Allometric Mass-Cancellation, and Clade-Specific Predictions;
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP)
16(4) (ISSN: 2250-3153),
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.16.04.2026.p17229