Abstract: T his paper is devoted to an overview of literatures so far review related to role of horticulture in relation to historical background, international, national, regional and state issues with special reference to Tamenglong district. Distinguished scholars, thinkers, horticultural scientists, government and non-governmental organization have mentioned on the importance of horticulture and its allied activities. Intensive and comprehensive overviewed is done concerning to hilly and mountainous regions along with rural development issues. This chapter tries to see the gap in the literature and also throw some light on the already existed literature on the topic of my research areas and an attempt is made to assess what is left undone, so that new things and current research issues can be connected with the present times. It also includes the survey account of ten villages in Tamenglong District, Manipur.