Abstract: This study investigates the effects of climate change on income inequality in thirteen Southern African countries over the period 2000–2020. Employing a quantitative methodology, it utilises the Gini index and three econometric specifications: random effects, fixed effects, and a double-log model. The results demonstrate that climate change—proxied by rising temperatures and CO₂ emissions—significantly exacerbates income inequality across the region. Although education and employment exhibit inequality-reducing effects, entrenched structural vulnerabilities in Southern Africa magnify climate-induced disparities. The findings emphasise the urgency of integrated policy responses that jointly address climate mitigation and social resilience. This study contributes to the literature by focusing on a region that remains underexplored in climate–inequality research and by adopting a holistic analytical framework that links climate variability to income distribution, thereby providing region-specific evidence to inform policy and scholarly debate.