Abstract: The main objective of this study was to examine the performance of sheep livestock sub sector under pastoral and agro-pastoral schemes in the Tanzanian farming systems. Specifically the study was conducted at Mpwapwa and Longido districts in the Central and Northern farming systems of Tanzania respectively, to gather socio-economic factors affecting sheep production and productivity in Tanzania. PRA was employed to understand the socio-economic set up of the communities involved in the sheep sub sector.