Abstract: Preoperative evaluation and surgical scheduling are critical determinants of perioperative safety, efficiency, and healthcare resource utilization. Although patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I–II are traditionally regarded as low-risk surgical candidates, contemporary perioperative medicine emphasizes proactive optimization rather than minimal assessment. This review presents a comprehensive framework integrating functional assessment, risk stratification, selective investigations, medication management, fasting protocols, anesthetic planning, enhanced recovery principles, and evidence-based operating room scheduling. Emerging innovations including telemedicine-based preoperative clinics and artificial intelligence-assisted scheduling systems are also discussed. The proposed framework aims to improve perioperative outcomes while maximizing operating room performance and patient-centered care.