Abstract: Over 3 billion people across the world are at risk of malaria infection every year. This burden is compounded by the fact that approximately 2-3 million children live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria and HIV account for a significant amount of morbidity and mortality with an estimated 22.5 million people living with HIV. While Cotrimoxazole prevents opportunistic infections in HIV-infected persons, its effectiveness in preventing malaria varies especially in children.