Abstract: This study was conducted in three purposively selected districts of central zone of Tigray, namely, Kolla Tembien, Tanqua Abergelle and Weri’e Leke. The overall objective of the study was to analyze the major honey bee production opportunities and challenges in the study area. For this study a total of 135 beekeepers were randomly and proportionately selected from each study districts. The data collected was analyzed descriptive statistics and Musa et al rank index were employed to analyze the data on challenges and opportunities. According to survey result, the respondents of the study districts could harvest 1.83, 1.36 and 1 times per annum from traditional, modern and transitional hives respectively. The productivity of the traditional hive is significantly low (p<0.05) in Kolla Tembien(16.6 kg) as compared to Tanqua Abergelle (29.7 kg) and Weri’e leke (21.5 kg) districts. 94% of the beekeepers daily followed the bee hives to check the presence of honey bee enemies. The honey bee production system of the study area has been reported to face with different major challenging factors such as water scarcity (96.5%), financial problem (91.1%), pests and predators (89.6%), poor extension services (65.6%), shortage of bee forages (56.2%) and high input cost (36.8%).