Abstract: Healthcare systems are vital to the health and wellbeing of populations but are navigating an increasingly complex environment. Population aging, increasing chronic disease rates, technological advances and the need for more workers, higher health care expenses, and threats to global health are taking a toll on health care systems and professionals. Meanwhile, patients are also demanding access to health services which are safe, efficient, affordable, responsive and accessible. These expectations add further stresses on already constrained resources and growing workloads. The changing pattern of disease is one of the big problems. Healthcare systems are grappling with chronic diseases (cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, respiratory) and an increasing response to infectious diseases and other acute diseases and problems. The increased cost burden may also be caused by ageing populations, since elderly patients tend to be more complex and demanding of ongoing and more intensive care. These pressures occur in addition to limited and uneven distribution of health care providers, which may impact access, quality and continuity of care.