Abstract: Preparation is a fundamental factor for any textile material in order to produce the substrate with accurate chemical and physical properties to ensure persuasive colouration and finishing. Pre-treatment plays a significant role for the successful coloration of any kind of natural textile fibre like wool. This paper overview the influence of different types of contemporary preparation techniques applied on wool fibre before coloration such as scouring, carbonising and bleaching. However, traditional wool pre-treatment utilize different chemicals those generate pollution in the effluents; a few of them are erosive which could damage the equipment and the fabric as well. Hence, it also focuses on the recently introduced eco-friendly enzyme based biological application and plasma treatment on wool fibre preparation.