Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major global health problem, with an estimated 39.9 million people living with HIV and around 1.3 million new infections reported worldwide in 2023. Co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is prevalent among individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection (PLWH) due to shared routes of transmission and is the primary cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive patients.
Mahnoor Ishfaque, Kausar Abbas Saldera, Jehan Zaib Arshad, Ufaque Batool, Shumaila Sameen, Sadia Afzal (2026);
Coinfection Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus With Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C At Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi;
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP)
16(6) (ISSN: 2250-3153),
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.16.06.2026.p17407
