* All listed papers are published after full consent of respective author or co-author(s).

** For any discussion on research subject or research matter, the reader should directly contact to undersigned authors.

Abstract: This paper presents an approach to establish operational characteristics of ball joint-lobe type coupling by performing extensive experimentation. This experimentation is performed by changing independent physical quantities of the coupling over a wide range and response data is gathered. Based on the response data, the mathematical model is formulated correlating the responses in terms of independent variables. These models can be used as a design data for this coupling. Because of complexity in kinematics and dynamics of coupling, logic based modeling is difficult for this type of coupling. This type of coupling is mainly used in harvester. Thus, this research outcome is useful in the design of mechanical transmission system of harvester. An emphasis is laid on the study of response of the coupling towards the variation in misalignment.

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Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Melalathur, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during 2005-2008 in Randomized Block Design with three replications to study the effect of plant geometry and planting methods on the incidence of shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus and yield parameter in late planted sugarcane crop during summer months using COG 94077. The single bud seedlings were raised in bed and polybags on the same day of conventional two budded sett planted in the field. The seedlings were transplanted in the main field on 30 days after shoot borer observation taken. The intercrops were sown 3rd day after planting / transplanting and in situ incorporated on 90th day at the time of earthing up. The shoot borer incidences were recorded on 30th, 60th and 90th days on the basis of number of shoot affected with respect to total number of shoots and cumulative shoot borer incidence was worked out. Conventional two budded sett planted on one side of ridges + black gram on the other side, recorded the lowest cumulative shoot borer incidence of 21.32 per cent. The raised bed seedlings were more susceptible to shoot borer (31.5%) than polybag seedling (22.74%) and conventional two budded planting (22.44%). Sugarcane intercropped with blackgram reduced the shoot borer incidence in all the treatments due to changes in the micro climate developed by the intercrops and non host crops acted as physical barrier. The highest sugar yield of 14.81 t/ha was obtained from cane yield of 107.25 t/ha with CCS% of 13.81 in conventional two budded setts planted on one side of the ridges+ blackgram on the other side.

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Abstract: The powder of papaya seeds (PPS) is used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal like Ni (II) from aqueous solutions was studied using batch tests. The influence of physico-chemical key parameters such as the initial metal ion concentration, pH, agitation time, particle size and the adsorbent dosage, has been considered in batch tests. The optimum results were determined at an initial metal ion concentration which was 50mg /lit, pH =3, agitation time � 90 min, an adsorbent dose (125 mg/50 ml) and the particle size (0.6 mm). The % adsorption, Langmuir constants [Q0=30.58(mg/g) and b=0.5092(L/mg)] Freundlich constants (Kf=28.13 and n=3.43), Lagergren rate constant (Kad (min-1) =5.38 x 10-2) for Ni (II) 50 mg/lit were determined for the adsorption system as a function of sorbate concentration. The equilibrium data obtained were tested using Langmuir, Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, and the kinetic data obtained were fitted to pseudo first order model.

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Abstract: Advance secure login is an advance technique used as a counter measure for the shoulder surfing attack. Shoulder surfing is an observation technique of stealing the information by looking over someone's shoulder. Very often people are unaware of the presence of any external devices like the close circuit cameras and hidden surveillance equipment which are placed to capture their valuable information like the password etc. It is very easy to stand close to someone and look what the other person is typing on the keyboard. Advance Secure login technique could be used in computers where confidential data are used, in highly secured nuclear servers authentication, ATM machines, Email login etc. The Secure Login will also consist of a RSA or MD5 encryption technique to protect the password. This counter measure helps in protecting the password from being stolen even if the password is typed in front of others. Advance secure login is an revised and advance technique of our previous research work (Secure Login) in a more easier and simple way. The mathematical and performance analysis of the software is also represented.

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Abstract: In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a high accuracy level measurement system for conducting liquid using direct sequence spread spectrum technique with the help of non-contact capacitance type level transducers. Here the sensor is in the form of uniform circular cylinder made of insulating material like glass, ceramic, plastic etc. The sensor is connected with the metallic or non-metallic type liquid storage tank, in which the conducting liquid column is taken as one electrode and a non-conductivity wound short-circuited outside coil is taken as other electrode of a variable capacitor, the change in capacitance due to the change in liquid level is measured. But the accuracy of the level measurement is the vital part of the measuring instrument. The technique of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) claims its novelty over other to get high accuracy. In this technique the signal coming out of the level sensor (Non-contact capacitance-type) is put down below the white noise level and then amplified and is finally converted into digital form. Subsequently, the digital signal is input to the micro controller thus the data is transmitted accurately.

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Abstract: The paper describes development of a simple communication protocol meant for communication between the microcontrollers, separated by a small distance, of the order of a few meters. The following protocol which I have named as Simple Serial Communication Protocol for Microcontrollers (SSCPM) can transfer small amount of data between the microcontrollers at a reasonable speed of up to 4 kbits/sec between 2 microcontrollers, separated by up to 3 or 4 meters. This communication is asynchronous and serial transfer. The main advantage of this protocol is that it does not require any inbuilt or external peripherals, which is the case in other protocols. This protocol requires just a single wire between the 2 microcontrollers and a simple half duplex communication is possible between the two systems at any point of time. The user can just apply the simple code that has been developed in C language so that it becomes independent of the operating platform. The code is just additional functions that are added to the main operating code and can be called at any point of the code to transfer or receive the data from the neighbouring microcontroller. Since the protocol is based on soft transmission of the code, the efficiency of the protocol is partially dependent on the frequency at which the two microcontrollers are working. There is no necessity that the two microcontrollers operate at the same frequency, but evidently higher the operating frequency, greater the data transfer rate between the two. The maximum data transfer rate is governed by the microcontroller with the lower clock frequency. The paper describes how the protocol has been developed so far and tested on the microcontrollers. The paper also gives possible extensions to the development of the protocol which include auto baud rate detection, increasing the range of distance between the two microcontrollers, increasing the data transfer rate and other features. However the protocol described in this paper is a possible alternative to the scenario where simple data transfer without much complexity is essential and does not essentially replace or improve the existing advanced communication protocols. Since this is open source protocol and no hardware requirement, the protocol can be of great encouragement to those who wish to develop applications without licensing or buying other hardware.

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Abstract: Sansevieria trifasciata fibre is a non � conventional lignocellulosic fibre extracted from the leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata plant. The extracted fibre was examined for its physical properties such as fibre strength, elongation, length, diameter and fineness. The fibre microstructure and functional elements were recorded using Scanning electron microscope and IR spectroscopy. Thermal properties and crystallinity index were analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X- ray diffractometry.

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Abstract: This study was conducted to examine errors committed in writing and speaking performances by first year undergraduates of Uva Wellassa University. To achieve the objectives, 23 male and 22 female undergraduates were observed. Written compositions and oral test have been implemented as research instruments while manipulating the statistical software Minitab 14 for analytical purposes. Then, all the identified errors were classified into eight main categories. Hence, the study has explored grammar as the greatest category where undergraduates commit errors in both writing and speaking. Moreover, advanced analysis has ascertained that newspaper reading and committing errors in grammar and syntax are as dependant variables. Study has shed the light on manner in which students internalize the rules of the target language and the findings are vital in designing curricula for the better fulfillment of the objectives of Second Language teaching and learning while providing guiding light to create effective teaching methodology.

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Abstract: Fingerprint identical systems usually use four types of depiction schemes: grayscale picture, phase image, skeleton image, and minutiae, in the middle of which minutiae-based demonstration is the main commonly adopted one. The neatness of minutiae demonstration has shaped an impression that the minutiae pattern does not enclose enough in order to allow the rebuilding of the unique grayscale fingerprint image. These techniques try to either renovate the skeleton image, which is then converted into the grayscale image, or reconstruct the grayscale image directly from the minutiae pattern. Though, they have a common drawback: Many spurious minutiae not included in the original minutiae template are generated in the reconstructed image. In this paper, a new fingerprint reconstruction algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the phase image, which is then converted into the grayscale figure. The future reconstruction algorithm not only gives the whole fingerprint, but the reconstructed fingerprint contains very few unauthentic minutiae. A fingerprint image is represented as a phase image which consists of the continuous phase and the curved phase (which corresponds to minutiae). An algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the continuous phase from minutiae. The proposed reconstruction algorithm has been evaluated with respect to the success rates of type-I attack (match the reconstructed fingerprint against the original fingerprint) and type-II attack (match the reconstructed fingerprint against different impressions of the original fingerprint) using a commercial fingerprint recognition system. From the reconstructed image from our algorithm, we explain that equally types of attack can be effectively launched in opposition to a fingerprint detection system.

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Abstract: The last few decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to low-voltage (LV) low-power (LP) integrated circuits design since the power consumption has become a critical issue. Among many techniques used for the design of LV LP analog circuits, the Bulk-driven principle offers a promising route towards this design for many aspects mainly the simplicity and using the conventional MOS technology to implement these designs. This paper is devoted to the Bulk-driven (BD) principle and utilizing this principle to design LV LP building block of Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) in standard CMOS processes and supply voltage 0.9V. The simulation results have been carried out by the Spice simulator using the 130nm CMOS technology from TSMC.

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Abstract: Different physiological characters were evaluated for identification of best drought resistant germplasm lines. Drought susceptibility index was calculated for different characters for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, biomass/plant, grain yield/plant, harvest index and 1000 grain weight over moisture stress and non stress environment for 28 germplasm lines. Drought intensity was negative in case of plant height (0.96), biomass/plant (0.03) and 1000 grain weight (0.49), number of days to 50 per cent flowering (0.81), harvest index (0.99) and had high D-value. Biomass was important character and plant height contributed significantly towards biomass because it had less reduction in D-value (-0.96) under moisture stress condition All the genotypes had drought susceptibility index values (DSI). It was less than unity for number of days to 50 per cent flowering indicating that they flowered earlier under stress condition. For plant height six genotypes HD 2808 were best (-1.57). Genotype C-306 and its mutant C-306 (M) had DSI of 1.18 for plant height. In biomass/plant eleven genotypes had negative DSI values. Highest negative value of-3.60 was for RSP-555 followed by HD-2808 (-2.79) and PBW-396 (-2.33). For harvest index only one genotype HD-2808 had negative DSI value (-0.51). Other genotypes with low DSI values were RSP530 and PBW527. For 1000 grain weight all genotypes except RSP519 had negative DSI values. Highest negative DSI value of 14.06 was for RSP-526 followed by -13.17 for WH-1009 and -12.02 for WH773. Parents having better DSI value for most of the characters included HD-2808, RSP-529, WH-773, RSP-524and RSP-554, RSP-555 and D9-9.

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Abstract: Samba Mahsuri is an elite, fine-grain type rice variety which is grown extensively in India. In order to fingerprint Samba Mahsuri and to differentiate it from 26 other closely related fine-grain type varieties, we utilized a total of 113 SSR markers, which included 87 hyper variable SSRs and 26 (GATA)n motif specific SSRs distributed uniformly across the rice genome. Twenty-six SSRs were found to be polymorphic among the rice varieties analyzed, amplifying a total of 74 alleles with an average of 2.84 alleles per marker. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using UPGMA grouped the 27 rice varieties into five clusters. Samba Mahsuri and another elite fine-grain type variety, Sona Mahsuri (BPT 3291) were observed to be grouped in the same cluster. A twin-marker combination JGT11-16.3 + RM19426 could unambiguously differentiate Samba Mahsuri from other fine-grain type varieties through multiplex-PCR. To utilize these SSR markers specific for Samba Mahsuri effectively for detection of impurities in Samba Mahsuri, a rapid and cost effective two-dimensional bulked DNA sampling strategy was designed and validated.

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Abstract: Drug addiction and the abuse of prescription drugs have become significant public health concerns in recent years. This essay aims to explore the prevalence, causes, consequences, and potential solutions to this growing issue. It will examine the factors that contribute to the misuse of prescription drugs, the impacts on individuals and society, and the challenges in addressing this problem. By analyzing existing research, this essay will provide a comprehensive overview of drug addiction and prescription drug abuse, highlighting the need for effective intervention strategies.

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