Abstract: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in India in the 21st century, affecting majority of the country population, both young and old. The pathophysiology of obesity has been attributed to various etiological factors such as hormones, diet, genetic and inflammatory nature. The microbiotas in the mouth have a significant impact on both the oral and general health. The salivary microbiota is a potential diagnostic indicator of several diseases. Recent research suggests that the composition of salivary bacteria changes in overweight subjects, and it is likely that Selenomonas noxia could serve as biological indicator of a developing overweight condition. Culture –independent techniques are required to study the salivary microbial commu- nity since many of its members have not been cultivated.