Abstract: A descriptive study was conducted in Pediatric Teaching Hospital in holy Karbala city, from the 1st of December 2015 to the mid of August 2016. Aims at: To assess mothers' knowledge and beliefs toward care of neonatal jaundice, to identify the relationship between mothers' knowledge and beliefs with their demographic variables such as mothers' age, level of education, occupations, socioeconomic status and to identify the relationship between mothers' knowledge with their beliefs toward care of neonatal jaundice.