Abstract: Blue carbon ecosystems also known as coastal or marine ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots that render invaluable ecosystem services, and possessed high capacity for carbon sequestration and storage. Whereas societies are well informed about the roles and significance of terrestrial ecosystems in climate change mitigation, there is comparative lack of awareness, knowledge gap and absence of legislative framework at national and international level to protect and conserve blue carbon ecosystems and their resources. This study identifies blue carbon sources in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and analyzed their ecological characteristics in relation to ecosystem services, carbon sequestration and storage and social economic significance. Primary data were obtained through physical observations and documentations of biophysical resources of blue carbon ecosystems, and over 70 publications on related subjects of blue carbon sources, carbon markets and climate change were empirically reviewed. A narrative analysis of the data were carried out and further discussed and characterized various threats to blue carbon ecosystems in the Niger Delta and implications for climate change mitigation and adaptation to people living in the region. It concludes with policy recommendations for conservation, restoration, protection and management of blue carbon ecosystems in the Niger Delta region.