Abstract: Global food production has seen a phenomenal growth of almost three times in the last five decades. Unfortunately, still a sizeable section of people in developing and poor countries remain hungry and malnourished. New strategies are therefore needed to not only feed the hungry in an healthy and nourishing way but also to protect the environment from overuse of chemical pesticides and insecticides, thus maintaining a balance with nature too. Advances in agricultural biotechnology have led to genetically modified varieties of many plants and crops like cotton, maize, soya, tomato, and brinjal etc. In India too, a genetically modified variety of cotton, Bt cotton has been cultivated since 2002, which is said to provide resistance against bollworm.