Monograph:

This dissertation is written to fulfill the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education at the University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines. It was based from the survey conducted among public secondary schools of Region XI. I was engaged in researching and writing this dissertation from October 2019 to June 2020. Finalization of this research as well as the publication was a bit late because of the global pandemic. I owe the blueprint of this dissertation to my co-author, Eugenio S. Guhao, Jr. I had encountered difficulties during data gathering due to far flung areas of the respondents and the answering the questions. Fortunately, my classmates, Aileen Ang-Dondoyano and Jeanette A. Espelimbergo, were there during the data gathering and willing to answer my queries.

I would like to thank my co-author for the guidance and support during the process. I also wish to thank all of the respondents, whose full cooperation made me able to conduct data analysis. I also thank the University of Mindanao Professional Schools (UMPS) for the provision of technical assistance. To my friends Aileen and Jeanette, I thank you for your constant motivation. Working with you about my research, made it lighter. To my son, Jim-Jim, your kindness and obedience made everything so well.

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