Abstract: An overview is presented of the medical image processing literature on thyroid disease diagnosis. The aim of the survey is to introduce for those new to the field, an overview for those working in the field, and a reference for those searching for literature on a specific application. Thyroid disease is extremely common and of concern because of the risk of malignancies and hyper function. Thyroid nodules may become malignant if not diagnosed at right time. During last few years, various image processing algorithms have been proposed for efficient and effective computer aided detection of thyroid nodules. Algorithms work on USG, SPECT images and planar scintigraphy. An overview of algorithms in each step (preprocessing step, segmentation step, feature extraction step, feature selection step, classification step) for thyroid disease diagnosis is given. Fuzzy cognitive map based decision support system and other recently proposed methods are presented. An overview of texture representation via noise resistant image features is given as well.