Abstract: The main objectives of this study were to assess the causes of decline of gum Arabic production, its effect on socio-economic and environmental settings and to identify the appropriate strategies to develop this subsector after the breakout of 2011 war. Gum Arabic is an important agricultural product in Sudan economy, and it is considered the main livelihood for many people in Kordofan, particularly in Abujebeaha locality-South Kordofan State. Following the breakout of the war in 2011, the production of gum Arabic has rapidly deteriorated, consequently, the socio-economic has negatively influenced.