Abstract: Background: Saliva is composed of anions, cations, nonelectrolytes, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.Saliva is one of the most important etiological host factors in relation to dental caries. It affects the carious process by its organic and inorganic constituents; in addition to its physiological functions as (flow rate, pH and buffer capacity). The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations of major elements (calcium and phosphorus) and trace elements (ferrous iron, totalsalivary protein and Cupper) in saliva among a group of preschool children, and to explore the relation of these elements, flow rate and pH with dental caries.