Abstract: As a rower requires optimum physical fitness and adequate technical skills for maximum performance the aim of this study was to assess the physical fitness of Sri Lankan rowers, in view to improve performance and prevent injury in the future. The sample consisted of 46 rowers of the Sri Lanka army sports unit. Health related physical fitness components were assessed using standard tests and equipment. Performance was assessed by 2000m rowing ergometer test, cardiovascular endurance and vertical jump. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information of injury patterns. The mean values for rowing ergometer time for male and female rowers were 7.07 and 8.36 minutes respectively. Rowing ergometer time negatively correlated with anaerobic fitness, lean body mass and flexibility in male rowers while it was not significant in females. Aerobic fitness negatively correlated with fat mass in both male and female rowers while anaerobic fitness did not correlate with any fitness components. The injury prevalence was 68.8% and 57.1% in male and female rowers respectively. Therefore, although the Sri Lankan rower’s physical fitness characteristics for flexibility and body composition correlated well with performance, most of the other physical fitness characteristics were not comparable to international standards in rowing.