Abstract: In extensive pastoral systems, domestic animals are reared under extremely unfavorable agro-ecological conditions in Libya, from the early Neolithic to the Bronze Age, more than 8,000 years ago. As a result of free grazing, which in many cases exceeded the biomass production capacity as well as the dynamics of plant cover renewal, grassland vegetation has undergone major changes. Excessive grazing in the largest area has caused great damage not only to grasslands, but to other ecosystems in Libyan territory. The emergence of desertification in Libya is one consequence of this grassland resource management. Recent research over the last few decades, however, also points to the useful dimension of livestock farming for the environment, if managed properly.