Abstract: Microbial diversity of pristine habitats is studied owing to two main reasons: contributing to the taxonomic literature and exploration of microbes for their potential to produce novel industrially important biomolecules. These biomolecules generally have better potential to survive under harsher conditions like pH, temperature and salt concentration. Traditionally, diversity analysis was based on cultivation dependent methods and hence was biased towards the labweeds or culturable microbes. Chances of accounting for the complete biodiversity were comparatively lower. With the advances in cultivation independent methods, a vast majority of yet uncultured bacteria and archaea have been detected. Mud volcanoes are points of release of pressure from deep layers of earth. They generally coincide with the tectonic plate boundaries. Heat that is generated due to movement of tectonic plates is released by these vents. Microorganisms from various depths of earth might get mobilized along with the flowing mud. Being an unexplored habitat with no chances of human intervention, such habitats may offer a unique source of unexplored microbes.